Trends of pertussis in Evanston, IL from 2006 to 2016

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A Northwestern University Capstone Project

Abstract

Background: Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) that has been well-controlled since the implementation of vaccine programs in the 1940s. However, outbreaks and severe cases still happen throughout the US. Epidemiological data regarding cases of pertussis in smaller geographical areas, such as City of Evanston, IL is not always readily available. This study aims to thoroughly describe cases of pertussis in Evanston between 2006 and 2016.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from the Illinois National Electronic Surveillance System (INEDSS) from 2006 to 2016. Cases of pertussis were classified by case status, and descriptive statistics for demographics, clinical, and epidemiological variables were provided at a significance level of 0.05. Analysis of temporal trends and spatial distribution of cases in Evanston, IL was performed. Logistic regression was used to describe the association between immunization status at onset and number of symptoms. Results: A total of 214 cases of pertussis were analyzed. Of them 50% were women, 67% white, and 72% had a cough 14 days. Adolescents represented 57.5% (n=123) of the sample. Highest cumulative incidences are reported for 2014, 2015 and 2016. Association between up-to-date immunization schedule and number of symptoms was not statistically significant [OR=0.49 95%CI 0.20-1.21].Conclusion: Overall, there is an important variability in the characteristics of pertussis cases in Evanston, IL from 2006 to 2016. There was an increased incidence among adolescent when compared to other ages. No association was found between being updated in immunization schedule and number of symptoms among cases of pertussis in Evanston, IL.

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