COVID-19 Community Open Access (recommended)
Institutional Collection
The COVID-19 Community houses resources on the Coronavirus (Covid-19), including clinical reports, management guidelines, and commentary authored by Feinberg School of Medicine faculty, staff, and students.
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- Keyword
- coronavirus
covid
COVID-19
- Publisher
-
DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Total Items
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74
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66.1 MB
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- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFN-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
- Description:
- Geng H, Subramanian S, Wu LT, Bu HF, Wang X, Du C, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFN gamma-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:11.
- Abstract:
- Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a disease that involves significant lung tissue damage. How SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lung injury remains elusive. The open reading frame 8 (ORF8) protein of SARS-CoV-2 (ORF8(SARS-CoV-2)) is a unique accessory protein, yet little is known about its cellular function. We examined the cellular distribution of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) and its role in the regulation of human lung epithelial cell proliferation and antiviral immunity. Using live imaging and immunofluorescent staining analyses, we found that ectopically expressed ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) forms aggregates in the cytosol and nuclear compartments of lung epithelial cells. Using in silico bioinformatic analysis, we found that ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) possesses an intrinsic aggregation characteristic at its N-terminal residues 1-18. Cell culture did not reveal any effects of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) expression on lung epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, suggesting that ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) aggregates do not affect these cellular processes. Interestingly, ectopic expression of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) in lung epithelial cells suppressed basal expression of several antiviral molecules, including DHX58, ZBP1, MX1, and MX2. In addition, expression of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) attenuated the induction of antiviral molecules by IFN gamma but not by IFN beta in lung epithelial cells. Taken together, ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) is a unique viral accessory protein that forms aggregates when expressing in lung epithelial cells. It potently inhibits the expression of lung cellular anti-viral proteins at baseline and in response to IFN gamma in lung epithelial cells, which may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 escape from the host antiviral innate immune response during early viral infection. In addition, it seems that formation of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) aggregate is independent from the viral infection. Thus, it would be interesting to examine whether any COVID-19 patients exhibit persistent ORF8 SARS-CoV-2 expression after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. If so, the pathogenic effect of prolonged ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) expression and its association with post-COVID symptoms warrant investigation in the future.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein, ORF8, lung epithelial cells, interferon signaling, inflammation
- Creator:
- Geng, Hua, Subramanian, Saravanan, Wu, Longtao, Bu, Heng-Fu, Wang, Xiao, Duan, Chao, De Plaen, Isabelle G., Tan, Xiao-Di
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34177923
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in the Middle East and North Africa: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Description:
- Post L, Marogi E, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh L, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in the Middle East and North Africa: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(1):11.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of millions and forced countries to devise public health policies to reduce the pace of transmission. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), falling oil prices, disparities in wealth and public health infrastructure, and large refugee populations have significantly increased the disease burden of COVID-19. In light of these exacerbating factors, public health surveillance is particularly necessary to help leaders understand and implement effective disease control policies to reduce SARS-CoV-2 persistence and transmission. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics, in combination with traditional surveillance, for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence to better understand a country's risk for explosive growth and to better inform those who are managing the pandemic. Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 30 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in MENA as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel data model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: The regression Wald statistic was significant (chi(2)(5)=859.5, P<.001). The Sargan test was not significant, failing to reject the validity of overidentifying restrictions (chi(2)(294)=16, P=.99). Countries with the highest cumulative caseload of the novel coronavirus include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Israel with 530,380, 426,634, 342,202, and 303,109 cases, respectively. Many of the smaller countries in MENA have higher infection rates than those countries with the highest caseloads. Oman has 33.3 new infections per 100,000 population while Bahrain has 12.1, Libya has 14, and Lebanon has 14.6 per 100,000 people. In order of largest to smallest number of cumulative deaths since January 2020, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia have 30,375, 10,254, 6120, and 5185, respectively. Israel, Bahrain, Lebanon, and Oman had the highest rates of COVID-19 persistence, which is the number of new infections statistically related to new infections in the prior week. Bahrain had positive speed, acceleration, and jerk, signaling the potential for explosive growth. Conclusions: Static and dynamic public health surveillance metrics provide a more complete picture of pandemic progression across countries in MENA. Static measures capture data at a given point in time such as infection rates and death rates. By including speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence, public health officials may design policies with an eye to the future. Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Israel all demonstrated the highest rate of infections, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence, prompting public health leaders to increase prevention efforts.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, wave two, second wave, global COVID-19 surveillance, MENA public health surveillance, MENA COVID-19, Middle East and North Africa surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, MENA econometrics, MENA SARS-CoV-2, Middle East and North Africa COVID-19 surveillance system, MENA COVID-19 transmission speed, MENA COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, generalized method of moments, GMM, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Marogi, Emily Philip, Moss, Charles B., Murphy, Robert Leo, Ison, Michael G., Achenbach, Chad J., Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael J., Welch, Sarah B., Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33302252
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Canada: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Description:
- Post L, Boctor MJ, Issa TZ, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh L, White J, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Canada: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Jmir Public Health and Surveillance. 2021;7(5):11.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 global pandemic has disrupted structures and communities across the globe. Numerous regions of the world have had varying responses in their attempts to contain the spread of the virus. Factors such as public health policies, governance, and sociopolitical climate have led to differential levels of success at controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, a more advanced surveillance metric for COVID-19 transmission is necessary to help government systems and national leaders understand which responses have been effective and gauge where outbreaks occur. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced COVID-19 surveillance metrics for Canada at the country, province, and territory level that account for shifts in the pandemic including speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence. Enhanced surveillance identifies risks for explosive growth and regions that have controlled outbreaks successfully. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 62 days of COVID-19 data from Canadian public health registries for 13 provinces and territories. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in Canada as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: We compare the week of February 7-13, 2021, with the week of February 14-20, 2021. Canada, as a whole, had a decrease in speed from 8.4 daily new cases per 100,000 population to 7.5 daily new cases per 100,000 population. The persistence of new cases during the week of February 14-20 reported 7.5 cases that are a result of COVID-19 transmissions 7 days earlier. The two most populous provinces of Ontario and Quebec both experienced decreases in speed from 7.9 and 11.5 daily new cases per 100,000 population for the week of February 7-13 to speeds of 6.9 and 9.3 for the week of February 14-20, respectively. Nunavut experienced a significant increase in speed during this time, from 3.3 daily new cases per 100,000 population to 10.9 daily new cases per 100,000 population. Conclusions: Canada excelled at COVID-19 control early on in the pandemic, especially during the first COVID-19 shutdown. The second wave at the end of 2020 resulted in a resurgence of the outbreak, which has since been controlled. Enhanced surveillance identifies outbreaks and where there is the potential for explosive growth, which informs proactive health policy.
- Keyword:
- global COVID surveillance, COVID-19, COVID-21, new COVID strains, Canada Public Health Surveillance, Great COVID Shutdown, Canadian COVID-19, surveillance metrics, wave 2 Canada COVID-19, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Canadian econometrics, Canada SARS-CoV-2, Canadian COVID-19 surveillance system, Canadian COVID transmission speed, Canadian COVID transmission acceleration, COVID transmission deceleration, COVID transmission jerk, COVID 7-day lag, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Boctor, Michael J., Issa, Tariq Z., Moss, Charles B., Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J., Ison, Michael G., Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren, White, Janine Inui, Welch, Sarah B., Oehmke, James F.
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33852410
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 Wave Two Surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Description:
- Post LA, Lin JS, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. SARS-CoV-2 Wave Two Surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):15.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact on governments, health care systems, economies, and populations around the world. Within the East Asia and Pacific region, some countries have mitigated the spread of the novel coronavirus effectively and largely avoided severe negative consequences, while others still struggle with containment As the second wave reaches East Asia and the Pacific, it becomes more evident that additional SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is needed to track recent shifts, rates of increase, and persistence associated with the pandemic. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for speed, acceleration, jerk, persistence, and weekly shifts, to better understand country risk for explosive growth and those countries who are managing the pandemic successfully. Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. We provide novel indicators to measure disease transmission. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 330 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in East Asia and the Pacific as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: The standard surveillance metrics for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Myanmar were concerning as they had the largest new caseloads at 4301, 2588, and 1387, respectively. When looking at the acceleration of new COVID-19 infections, we found that French Polynesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines had rates at 3.17, 0.22, and 0.06 per 100,000. These three countries also ranked highest in terms of jerk at 15.45, 0.10, and 0.04, respectively. Conclusions: Two of the most populous countries in East Asia and the Pacific, Indonesia and the Philippines, have alarming surveillance metrics. These two countries rank highest in new infections in the region. The highest rates of speed, acceleration, and positive upwards jerk belong to French Polynesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, and may result in explosive growth. While all countries in East Asia and the Pacific need to be cautious about reopening their countries since outbreaks are likely to occur in the second wave of COVID-19, the country of greatest concern is the Philippines. Based on standard and enhanced surveillance, the Philippines has not gained control of the COVID-19 epidemic, which is particularly troubling because the country ranks 4th in population in the region. Without extreme and rigid social distancing, quarantines, hygiene, and masking to reverse trends, the Philippines will remain on the global top 5 list of worst COVID-19 outbreaks resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The second wave will only exacerbate existing conditions and increase COVID-19 transmissions.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, second wave, wave two, wave 2, global COVID-19 surveillance, Asia Pacific public health surveillance, Asia Pacific COVID-19, Asian Pacific SARS-CoV-2, Asia Pacific surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Asian Pacific econometrics, East Asian Pacific COVID-19 surveillance system, Pacific Asian COVID-19 transmission speed, Asian Pacific COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, Arellano-Bond estimator, generalized method of moments, GMM, Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Philippines
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Lin, Jasmine S., Moss, Charles B., Murphy, Robert Leo, Ison, Michael G., Achenbach, Chad J., Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael J., Welch, Sarah B., Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33464207
- Title:
- Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact
- Description:
- Weiner JA, Swiatek PR, Johnson DJ, Louie PK, Harada GK, McCarthy MH, Germscheid N, Cheung JPY, Neva MH, El-Sharkawi M, Valacco M, Sciubba DM, Chutkan NB, An HS, Samartzis D. Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact. Global Spine Journal. 2022;12(2):249-262.
- Abstract:
- Study Design: Cross-sectional observational cohort study. Objective: To investigate preparation, response, and economic impact of COVID-19 on private, public, academic, and privademic spine surgeons. Methods: AO Spine COVID-19 and Spine Surgeon Global Impact Survey includes domains on surgeon demographics, location of practice, type of practice, COVID-19 perceptions, institutional preparedness and response, personal and practice impact, and future perceptions. The survey was distributed by AO Spine via email to members (n = 3805). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify differences between practice settings. Results: A total of 902 surgeons completed the survey. In all, 45.4% of respondents worked in an academic setting, 22.9% in privademics, 16.1% in private practice, and 15.6% in public hospitals. Academic practice setting was independently associated with performing elective and emergent spine surgeries at the time of survey distribution. A majority of surgeons reported a >75% decrease in case volume. Private practice and privademic surgeons reported losing income at a higher rate compared with academic or public surgeons. Practice setting was associated with personal protective equipment availability and economic issues as a source of stress. Conclusions: The current study indicates that practice setting affected both preparedness and response to COVID-19. Surgeons in private and privademic practices reported increased worry about the economic implications of the current crisis compared with surgeons in academic and public hospitals. COVID-19 decreased overall clinical productivity, revenue, and income. Government response to the current pandemic and preparation for future pandemics needs to be adaptable to surgeons in all practice settings.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, spine, surgeons, private practice, global, impact
- Creator:
- Weiner, Joseph Arnold, Swiatek, Peter Raymond, Johnson, Daniel James, Louie, Philip K., Harada, Garrett K., McCarthy, Michael H., Germscheid, Niccole, Cheung, Jason P. Y., Neva, Marko H., El-Sharkawi, Mohammad, Valacco, Marcelo, Sciubba, Daniel M., Chutkan, Norman B., An, Howard S., Samartzis, Dino
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
- Date Created:
- 2020-08-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32762354
- Title:
- Surveillance Metrics of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Central Asia: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Description:
- Post LA, Benishay ET, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Chaudhury AS, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Surveillance Metrics of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Central Asia: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):15.
- Abstract:
- Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic, has severely impacted Central Asia; in spring 2020, high numbers of cases and deaths were reported in this region. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently breaching the borders of Central Asia. Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders; however, existing surveillance explains past transmissions while obscuring shifts in the pandemic, increases in infection rates, and the persistence of the transmission of COVID-19. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide enhanced surveillance metrics for SARS-CoV-2 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, including speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand the risk of explosive growth in each country and which countries are managing the pandemic successfully. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 60 days of COVID-19-related data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in the Central Asia region as a function of the prior number of cases, level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: COVID-19 transmission rates were tracked for the weeks of September 30 to October 6 and October 7-13, 2020, in Central Asia. The region averaged 11,730 new cases per day for the first week and 14,514 for the second week. Infection rates increased across the region from 4.74 per 100,000 persons to 5.66. Russia and Turkey had the highest 7-day moving averages in the region, with 9836 and 1469, respectively, for the week of October 6 and 12,501 and 1603, respectively, for the week of October 13. Russia has the fourth highest speed in the region and continues to have positive acceleration, driving the negative trend for the entire region as the largest country by population. Armenia is experiencing explosive growth of COVID-19; its infection rate of 13.73 for the week of October 6 quickly jumped to 25.19, the highest in the region, the following week. The region overall is experiencing increases in its 7-day moving average of new cases, infection, rate, and speed, with continued positive acceleration and no sign of a reversal in sight. Conclusions: The rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic requires novel dynamic surveillance metrics in addition to static metrics to effectively analyze the pandemic trajectory and control spread. Policy makers need to know the magnitude of transmission rates, how quickly they are accelerating, and how previous cases are impacting current caseload due to a lag effect. These metrics applied to Central Asia suggest that the region is trending negatively, primarily due to minimal restrictions in Russia.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, second wave, wave two, global COVID-19 surveillance, Central Asia public health surveillance, Central Asia COVID-19, Central Asia surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of moments, Central Asia econometrics, Central Asia SARS-CoV-2, Central Asia COVID-19 surveillance system, Central Asia COVID-19 transmission speed, Central Asia COVID transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, GMM, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Faeroe Islands, Georgia, Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Russia, Tajikistan Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, COVID-19, surveillance, longitudinal, trend, trend analysis, monitoring, public health, infectious disease, transmission, risk, management, policy, prevention
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Benishay, Elana T., Moss, Charles B., Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J., Ison, Michael G., Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Chaudhury, Azraa S., Boctor, Michael J., Welch, Sarah B., Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33475513
- Title:
- Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses
- Description:
- Post L, Culler K, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses. Jmir Public Health and Surveillance. 2021;7(4):16.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Europe, resulting in a high caseload and deaths that varied by country. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has breached the borders of Europe. Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders. Objective: This study aimed to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand countries at risk for explosive growth and those that are managing the pandemic effectively. Methods: We performed a longitudinal trend analysis and extracted 62 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in Europe as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: New COVID-19 cases slightly decreased from 158,741 (week 1, January 4-10, 2021) to 152,064 (week 2, January 11-17, 2021), and cumulative cases increased from 22,507,271 (week 1) to 23,890,761 (week 2), with a weekly increase of 1,383,490 between January 10 and January 17. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom had the largest 7-day moving averages for new cases during week 1. During week 2, the 7-day moving average for France and Spain increased. From week 1 to week 2, the speed decreased (37.72 to 33.02 per 100,000), acceleration decreased (0.39 to -0.16 per 100,000), and jerk increased (-1.30 to 1.37 per 100,000). Conclusions: The United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal, in particular, are at risk for a rapid expansion in COVID-19 transmission. An examination of the European region suggests that there was a decrease in the COVID-19 caseload between January 4 and January 17, 2021. Unfortunately, the rates of jerk, which were negative for Europe at the beginning of the month, reversed course and became positive, despite decreases in speed and acceleration. Finally, the 7-day persistence rate was higher during week 2 than during week 1. These measures indicate that the second wave of the pandemic may be subsiding, but some countries remain at risk for new outbreaks and increased transmission in the absence of rapid policy responses.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, wave two, second wave, global COVID surveillance, Europe Public Health Surveillance, Europe COVID, Europe surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Europe econometrics, Europe SARS-CoV-2, Europe COVID surveillance system, European COVID transmission speed, European COVID transmission acceleration, COVID transmission deceleration, COVID transmission jerk, COVID 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, GMM, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vatican City
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Culler, Kasen Lyndell, Moss, Charles B., Murphy, Robert L., Achenbach, Chad J., Ison, Michael G., Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah B., Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33818391
- Title:
- Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future
- Description:
- Mok VCT, Pendlebury S, Wong A, Alladi S, Au L, Bath PM, Biessels GJ, Chen C, Cordonnier C, Dichgans M, Dominguez J, Gorelick PB, Kim S, Kwok T, Greenberg SM, Jia J, Kalaria R, Kivipelto M, Naegandran K, Lam LCW, Lam BYK, Lee ATC, Markus HS, O'Brien J, Pai MC, Pantoni L, Sachdev P, Skoog I, Smith EE, Srikanth V, Suh GH, Wardlaw J, Ko H, Black SE, Scheltens P. Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future. Alzheimers & Dementia. 2020;16(11):1571-1581.
- Abstract:
- We have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID-19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and the challenges encountered in our management of dementia in different health-care settings, including hospital, outpatient, care homes, and the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have also proposed a conceptual framework and practical suggestions for health-care providers in tackling these challenges, which can also apply to the care of older people in general, with or without other neurological diseases, such as stroke or parkinsonism. We believe this review will provide strategic directions and set standards for health-care leaders in dementia, including governmental bodies around the world in coordinating emergency response plans for protecting and caring for older people with dementia amid the COIVD-19 outbreak, which is likely to continue at varying severity in different regions around the world in the medium term.
- Keyword:
- Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19, dementia, older people
- Creator:
- Mok, Vincent C. T., Pendlebury, Sarah, Wong, Adrian, Alladi, Suvarna, Au, Lisa, Bath, Philip M., Biessels, Geert Jan, Chen, Christopher, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Dichgans, Martin, Dominguez, Jacqueline, Gorelick, Philip B., Kim, SangYun, Kwok, Timothy, Greenberg, Steven M., Jia, Jianping, Kalaria, Rajesh, Kivipelto, Miia, Naegandran, Kandiah, Lam, Linda C. W., Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, Lee, Allen T. C., Markus, Hugh S., O'Brien, John, Pai, Ming-Chyi, Pantoni, Leonardo, Sachdev, Perminder, Skoog, Ingmar, Smith, Eric E., Srikanth, Velandai, Suh, Guk-Hee, Wardlaw, Joanna, Ko, Ho, Black, Sandra E., Scheltens, Philip
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32789951
- Title:
- The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Description:
- Ye JC. The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jmir Medical Informatics. 2020;8(7):8.
- Abstract:
- At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak telethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful weapons to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.
- Keyword:
- health technology, health information system, COVID-19, artificial intelligence, telemedicine, big data, privacy, internet of things
- Creator:
- Ye, Jiancheng
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32568725
- Title:
- The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Description:
- Macy JT, Owens C, Mullis K, Middlestadt SE. The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9:8.
- Abstract:
- Purpose: Because older adults are at elevated risk of COVID-19-related adverse health outcomes, and staying at home is an effective strategy to avoid unnecessary exposures, the current formative study used the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to identify the beliefs underlying older adults' decision to stay home for the next month. Methods: The participants (weighted n = 206, age 65-94) for the current study were selected from a nationally representative online survey of US adults from April 10-20, 2020. We used multiple linear regression to estimate the relative contribution of the four RAA global constructs (instrumental attitude, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy) in explaining intention to stay home after controlling for demographic covariates. We also conducted a content analysis to identify beliefs about advantages, disadvantages, and facilitators of staying home. Results: After controlling for demographic characteristics, injunctive norms (b = 0.208; SE = 0.059; B = 0.213, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (b = 0.532; SE = 0.058; B = 0.537, p < 0.001) showed statistically significant independent associations with intention to stay home. The specific beliefs underlying the decision to stay home spanned across health and wellness dimensions and suggested interpersonal, mental health, and leisure/recreational facilitators. Conclusions: These findings suggest three public health intervention targets. First, self-efficacy building interventions could enhance older adults' perceptions of their ability to stay home to avoid unnecessary exposures. Second, health communication messages to address injunctive norms could emphasize that people important to older adults think they should stay home. Third, for the youngest of the older adults, health communication messages could emphasize the advantages of staying home.
- Keyword:
- older people, stay at home orders, reasoned action approach, self-efficacy, belief determinants, COVID-19
- Creator:
- Macy, Jonathan T., Owens, Christopher, Mullis, Kristina, Middlestadt, Susan E.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34150704