COVID-19 Community Open Access (recommended)
Institutional Collection
The COVID-19 Community houses resources on the Coronavirus (Covid-19), including clinical reports, management guidelines, and commentary authored by Feinberg School of Medicine faculty, staff, and students.
Descriptions
- Keyword
- coronavirus
covid
COVID-19
- Publisher
-
DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Total Items
-
74
- Size
-
66.1 MB
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COVID-19 Community
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- Title:
- Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody
- Description:
- Gebremeskel S, Schanin J, Coyle KM, Butuci M, Luu T, Brock EC, Xu AL, Wong AL, Leung J, Korver W, Morin RD, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS, Youngblood BA. Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:12.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a global health crisis. Immune cell activation via pattern recognition receptors has been implicated as a driver of the hyperinflammatory response seen in COVID-19. However, our understanding of the specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils are innate immune cells that play pathogenic roles in many inflammatory responses. Here we report MC-derived proteases and eosinophil-associated mediators are elevated in COVID-19 patient sera and lung tissues. Stimulation of viral-sensing toll-like receptors in vitro and administration of synthetic viral RNA in vivo induced features of hyperinflammation, including cytokine elevation, immune cell airway infiltration, and MC-protease production-effects suppressed by an anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody which selectively inhibits MCs and depletes eosinophils. Similarly, anti-Siglec-8 treatment reduced disease severity and airway inflammation in a respiratory viral infection model. These results suggest that MC and eosinophil activation are associated with COVID-19 inflammation and anti-Siglec-8 antibodies are a potential therapeutic approach for attenuating excessive inflammation during viral infections.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Toll-like receptor, mast cell, eosinophil, Siglec-8, lirentelimab, viral inflammation
- Creator:
- Gebremeskel, Simon, Schanin, Julia, Coyle, Krysta M., Butuci, Melina, Luu, Thuy, Brock, Emily C., Xu, Alan, Wong, Alan, Leung, John, Korver, Wouter, Morin, Ryan D., Schleimer, Robert P., Bochner, Bruce S., Youngblood, Bradford A.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33777047
- Title:
- Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community
- Description:
- Swords C, Bergman L, Wilson-Jeffers R, Randall D, Morris LL, Brenner MJ, Arora A. Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community. Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology. 2021;130(3):262-272.
- Abstract:
- Objectives: To report experience with a global multidisciplinary tracheostomy e-learning initiative Methods: An international multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to build a virtual learning community for tracheostomy care, comprising a web-based platform, five distance learning (interactive webinar) sessions, and professional discourse over 12 months. Structured pre- and post-webinar surveys were disseminated to global participants including otolaryngologists, intensivists, nurses, allied health professionals, and patients/caregivers. Data were collected on audio-visual fidelity, demographics, and pre- and post-tutorial assessments regarding experience and skill acquisition. Participants reported confidence levels for NICU, pediatric, adult, and family care, as well as technical skills, communication, learning, assessment, and subdomains. Results: Participants from 197 institutions in 22 countries engaged in the virtual education platform, including otolaryngologists, speech pathologists, respiratory therapists, specialist nurses, patients, and caregivers. Significant improvements were reported in communication (P < .0001), clinical assessments (P < .0001), and clinical governance (P < .0001), with positive impact on pediatric decannulation (P = .0008), adult decannulation (P = .04), and quality improvement (P < .0001). Respondents reported enhanced readiness to integrate knowledge into practice. Barriers included time zones, internet bandwidth, and perceived difficulty of direct clinical translation of highly technical skills. Participants rated the implementation highly in terms of length, ability for discussion, satisfaction, applicability to professional practice, and expertise of discussants (median scores: 4, 4, 4, 4 and 5 out of 5). Conclusions: Virtual learning has dominated the education landscape during COVID-19 pandemic, but few data are available on its effectiveness. This study demonstrated feasibility of virtual learning for disseminating best practices in tracheostomy, engaging a diverse, multidisciplinary audience. Learning of complex technical skills proved a hurdle, however, suggesting need for hands-on experience for technical mastery. While interactive videoconferencing via webinar affords an engaging and scalable strategy for sharing knowledge, further investigation is needed on clinical outcomes to define effective strategies for experiential online learning and virtual in-service simulations.
- Keyword:
- e-Learning, medical education, tracheostomy, patient safety, quality improvement, distance learning, webinar
- Creator:
- Swords, Chloe, Bergman, Lina, Wilson-Jeffers, Rachel, Randall, Diane, Morris, Linda L, Brenner, Michael J., Arora, Asit
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32680435
- Title:
- Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury
- Description:
- Jin H, Zhao ZG, Lan Q, Zhou HT, Mai ZS, Wang Y, Ding XW, Zhang WT, Pi J, Evans CE, Liu XG. Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;11:10.
- Abstract:
- The cytokine storm or cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is associated with high mortality in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), for example following sepsis or infectious diseases including COVID-19. However, there are no effective treatments for CSS-associated ALI or ALI/ARDS. Thus, there remains an urgent need to develop effective drugs and therapeutic strategies against CSS and ALI/ARDS. Nasal and inhaled drug delivery methods represent a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory lung disease as a result of their ability to improve drug delivery to lungs. Improving the nasal mucosa absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs with poor mucosa bioavailability to a therapeutically effective level is another promising strategy in the fight against ALI/ARDS. Here, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with hesperidin (HPD/NPs) were developed for nasal delivery of the anti-inflammatory HPD compound to inflammatory lungs. In vitro and in vivo, HPD/NPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake in the inflammatory microenvironment compared with free HPD. In a mouse model of inflammatory lung disease, the HPD/NPs markedly inhibited lung injury as evidenced by reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and suppressed vascular permeability compared with free HPD. Collectively, our study demonstrates that nasal delivery of HPD/NPs suppresses CSS and ALI/ARDS in a murine model of inflammatory lung disease, and that nanoparticle-based treatment strategies with anti-inflammatory effects could be used to reduce CSS and ALI in patients with inflammatory lung injury.
- Keyword:
- cytokine storm syndrome, hesperidin, chitosan nanoparticle, lung inflammation, nasal drug delivery
- Creator:
- Jin, Hua, Zhao, Zuguo, Lan, Qian, Zhou, Haotong, Mai, Zesen, Wang, Yuan, Ding, Xiaowen, Zhang, Wenting, Pi, Jiang, Evans, Colin Edward, Liu, Xinguang
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-27
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33584267
- Title:
- National Trends in Disease Activity for COVID-19 Among Children in the US
- Description:
- Hutch MR, Liu ML, Avillach P, Luo Y, Bourgeois FT, Consortium Clinical C. National Trends in Disease Activity for COVID-19 Among Children in the US. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:4.
- Abstract:
- Ongoing monitoring of COVID-19 disease burden in children will help inform mitigation strategies and guide pediatric vaccination programs. Leveraging a national, comprehensive dataset, we sought to quantify and compare disease burden and trends in hospitalizations for children and adults in the US.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, surveillance, public health, hospitalization, pediatric
- Creator:
- Hutch, Meghan Rose, Liu, Molei, Avillach, Paul, Luo, Yuan, Bourgeois, Florence T., Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE)
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Date Created:
- 2021-07-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34307261
- Title:
- Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak
- Description:
- Onesti CE, Rugo HS, Generali D, Peeters M, Zaman K, Wildiers H, Harbeck N, Martin M, Cristofanilli M, Cortes J, Tjan-Heijnen V, Hurvitz SA, Berchem G, Tagliamento M, Campone M, Bartsch R, De Placido S, Puglisi F, Rottey S, Muller V, Ruhstaller T, Machiels JP, Conte P, Awada A, Jerusalem G. Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak. Esmo Open. 2020;5(4):8.
- Abstract:
- Background COVID-19 appeared in late 2019, causing a pandemic spread. This led to a reorganisation of oncology care in order to reduce the risk of spreading infection between patients and healthcare staff. Here we analysed measures taken in major oncological units in Europe and the USA. Methods A 46-item survey was sent by email to representatives of 30 oncological centres in 12 of the most affected countries. The survey inquired about preventive measures established to reduce virus spread, patient education and processes employed for risk reduction in each oncological unit. Results Investigators from 21 centres in 10 countries answered the survey between 10 April and 6 May 2020. A triage for patients with cancer before hospital or clinic visits was conducted by 90.5% of centres before consultations, 95.2% before day care admissions and in 100% of the cases before overnight hospitalisation by means of phone calls, interactive online platforms, swab test and/or chest CT scan. Permission for caregivers to attend clinic visits was limited in many centres, with some exceptions (ie, for non-autonomous patients, in the case of a new diagnosis, when bad news was expected and for terminally ill patients). With a variable delay period, the use of personal protective equipment was unanimously mandatory, and in many centres, only targeted clinical and instrumental examinations were performed. Telemedicine was implemented in 76.2% of the centres. Separated pathways for COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients were organised, with separate inpatient units and day care areas. Self-isolation was required for COVID-19-positive or symptomatic staff, while return to work policies required a negative swab test in 76.2% of the centres. Conclusion Many pragmatic measures have been quickly implemented to deal with the health emergency linked to COVID-19, although the relative efficacy of each intervention should be further analysed in large observational studies.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, oncological care
- Creator:
- Onesti, Concetta Elisa, Rugo, Hope S., Generali, Daniele, Peeters, Marc, Zaman, Khalil, Wildiers, Hans, Harbeck, Nadia, Martin, Miguel, Cristofanilli, Massimo, Cortes, Javier, Tjan-Heijnen, Vivianne, Hurvitz, Sara A., Berchem, Guy, Tagliamento, Marco, Campone, Mario, Bartsch, Rupert, De Placido, Sabino, Puglisi, Fabio, Rottey, Sylvie, Mueller, Volkmar, Ruhstaller, Thomas, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, Conte, PierFranco, Awada, Ahmad, Jerusalem, Guy
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32847836
- Title:
- One-Size-Fits All: A Scalable Solution to Formal Telemedicine Provider Training to Support the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
- Description:
- Schinasi DA, An-Grogan Y, Stephen R, Shimek A, Furney M, Bohling MK. One-Size-Fits All: A Scalable Solution to Formal Telemedicine Provider Training to Support the COVID-19 Pandemic Response. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:4.
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Formalized training in telemedicine addresses barriers to provider adoption and engagement and assures a level of competence for independent practice. We previously developed a blended-model training program, customizable according to role and specialty; this method of training was not feasible in the pandemic response. We describe the development and implementation of a multi- and interdisciplinary telemedicine provider training program enabling the rapid scaling of telemedicine at our institution. Methods: An existing curriculum was pared down to a 1-h session delivered synchronously, covering the foundational components of telemedicine practice. Supplemental materials were available for asynchronous learning via the hospital intranet. Completion of training was required of all clinicians who practice telemedicine. Results: We conducted 35 sessions for 1,070 providers over 12 weeks. Attendees included clinicians across numerous roles and specialties. Additional resources were created and available through the Telemedicine Virtual Handbook and housed in specific toolkits. Discussion: Telemedicine training is necessary for consistent, competent practice of telemedicine in pediatrics. We describe a training process that can be easily replicated and rapidly deployed to providers of telemedicine across roles and disciplines. Combining a mandatory and brief synchronous provider training session with a repository of online resources creates a foundation for consistent practice, while allowing for more individualized resources accessible on demand. Standardized telemedicine training followed by mechanisms for ongoing professional practice evaluation allow institutions to ensure consistent and competent practice of telemedicine. Further study is needed to determine the best modality for training, and optimal assessment tools according to professional role.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, telemedicine, telehealth, training, education
- Creator:
- Schinasi, Dana Aronson, An-Grogan, Yuemi, Stephen, Rebecca, Shimek, Aric, Furney, Marisa, Bohling, M. Katie
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-30
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33859970
- Title:
- Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity
- Description:
- Bramante CT, Buse J, Tamaritz L, Palacio A, Cohen K, Vojta D, Liebovitz D, Mitchell N, Nicklas J, Lingvay I, Clark JM, Aronne LJ, Anderson E, Usher M, Demmer R, Melton GB, Ingraham N, Tignanelli CJ. Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(7):4273-4279.
- Abstract:
- Observational studies suggest outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Metformin is known to decrease interleukin-6 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, which appear to contribute to morbidity in COVID-19. We sought to understand whether outpatient metformin use was associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19 disease in a large US healthcare data set. Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data that was pooled across multiple EHR systems from 12 hospitals and 60 primary care clinics in the Midwest between March 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020. Inclusion criteria: data for body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) and a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test; age >= 30 and <= 85 years. Exclusion criteria: patient opt-out of research. Metformin is the exposure of interest, and death, admission, and intensive care unit admission are the outcomes of interest. Metformin was associated with a decrease in mortality from COVID-19, OR 0.32 (0.15, 0.66; p = .002), and in the propensity-matched cohorts, OR 0.38 (0.16, 0.91; p = .030). Metformin was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in hospital admission for COVID-19 in the overall cohort, OR 0.78 (0.58-1.04, p = .087). Among the subgroup with a hemoglobin HbA1c available (n = 1193), the adjusted odds of hospitalization (including adjustment for HbA1c) for metformin users was OR 0.75 (0.53-1.06, p = .105). Outpatient metformin use was associated with lower mortality and a trend towards decreased admission for COVID-19. Given metformin's low cost, established safety, and the mounting evidence of reduced severity of COVID-19 disease, metformin should be prospectively assessed for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Creator:
- Bramante, Carolyn T., Buse, John, Tamaritz, Leonardo, Palacio, Ana, Cohen, Ken, Vojta, Deneen, Liebovitz, David M, Mitchell, Nia, Nicklas, Jacinda, Lingvay, Ildiko, Clark, Jeanne M., Aronne, Louis J., Usher, Michael, Demmer, Ryan, Melton, Genevieve B., Ingraham, Nicholas, Tignanelli, Christopher J., Anderson, Erik William
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33580540
- Title:
- Pandemic Pressure: Teledermatology and Health Care Disparities
- Description:
- Rustad AM, Lio PA. Pandemic Pressure: Teledermatology and Health Care Disparities. Journal of Patient Experience. 2021;8:5.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, telemedicine, telehealth, patient engagement, access to care
- Creator:
- Rustad, Andrea Mary, Lio, Peter A
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34179385
- Title:
- Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Description:
- Heyman-Kanto R, Hardy N, Corcoran AR. Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Patient Experience. 2020;7(5):677-679.
- Abstract:
- Hospitals have eliminated many in-person interactions and established new protocols to stem the spread of COVID-19. Inpatient psychiatric units face unique challenges, as patients cannot be isolated in their rooms and are at times unable to practice social distancing measures. Many institutions have experimented with providing some psychiatric services remotely to reduce the number of people physically present on the wards and decrease the risk of disease transmission. This case report presents 2 patient perspectives on receiving psychiatric care via videoconferencing while on the inpatient unit of a large academic tertiary care hospital. One patient identified some benefits to virtual treatment while the second found the experience impersonal; both were satisfied with the overall quality of care they received and were stable 2 weeks after discharge. These cases demonstrate that effective care can be provided remotely even to severely ill psychiatric patients who require hospitalization.
- Keyword:
- telemedicine, mental health, psychiatry, COVID-19, patient experience
- Creator:
- Heyman-Kanto, Reuben, Hardy, Nathan Ellis, Corcoran, Amy R.
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Date Created:
- 2020-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33294598
- Title:
- Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York
- Description:
- O'Conor R, Opsasnick L, Pack A, Benavente JY, Curtis LM, Lovett RM, Luu H, Wismer G, Kwasny MJ, Federman AD, Bailey SC, Wolf MS. Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health. 2021;12:7.
- Abstract:
- Objectives: Physical distancing precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic may challenge the provision of tangible support many middle age and older adults receive in managing their health. We examined the association between unmet tangible support needs and self-management behaviors and mental health status during the stay-at-home orders in Chicago and New York. Methods: We used data from the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions study collected between May 1st and May 22nd, 2020. A total of 801 middle age and older adults with >= 1 chronic condition in Chicago and New York City completed the telephone interview. Adequacy of tangible social support was measured using a brief, validated scale that determined whether an individual needed assistance managing his or her health, and if yes, whether this need was met. Participants reported their level of difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors using 2 discrete items; they also self-reported medication adherence using the ASK-I2 medication adherence scale. Mental health status was measured using the depression and anxiety PROMIS short-form instruments. Results: Participants' mean age was 63 years; 30% identified as Black, 26% identified as Latino, and 12% identified unmet support needs. Inadequacy of tangible support was associated with greater difficulty managing one's health and accessing medications due to COVID-19, as well as poorer medication adherence, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer overall well-being (P's <.05). Conclusions: Perceived unmet support needs during stay-at-home orders were associated with greater difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors and poorer overall well-being. Two brief items quickly identified individuals with unmet support needs.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, social support, tangible assistance
- Creator:
- O'Conor, Rachel, Opsasnick, Lauren, Pack, Allison Prickett, Benavente, Julia Yoshino, Curtis, Laura M., Lovett, Rebecca M., Luu, Han Quoc, Wismer, Guisselle Andrea, Kwasny, Mary J., Federman, Alex D., Bailey, Stacy C., Wolf, Michael S.
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34109874