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- Title:
- Using Tweets to Understand How COVID-19-Related Health Beliefs Are Affected in the Age of Social Media: Twitter Data Analysis Study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Wang HY, Li YK, Hutch M, Naidech A, Luo Y. Using Tweets to Understand How COVID-19-Related Health Beliefs Are Affected in the Age of Social Media: Twitter Data Analysis Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):15.
- Abstract:
- Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) has given rise to a global pandemic affecting 215 countries and over 40 million people as of October 2020. Meanwhile, we are also experiencing an infodemic induced by the overabundance of information, some accurate and some inaccurate, spreading rapidly across social media platforms. Social media has arguably shifted the information acquisition and dissemination of a considerably large population of internet users toward higher interactivities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19-related health beliefs on one of the mainstream social media platforms, Twitter, as well as potential impacting factors associated with fluctuations in health beliefs on social media. Methods: We used COVID-19-related posts from the mainstream social media platform Twitter to monitor health beliefs. A total of 92,687,660 tweets corresponding to 8,967,986 unique users from January 6 to June 21, 2020, were retrieved. To quantify health beliefs, we employed the health belief model (HBM) with four core constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. We utilized natural language processing and machine learning techniques to automate the process of judging the conformity of each tweet with each of the four HBM constructs. A total of 5000 tweets were manually annotated for training the machine learning architectures. Results: The machine learning classifiers yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves over 0.86 for the classification of all four HBM constructs. Our analyses revealed a basic reproduction number R(0 )of 7.62 for trends in the number of Twitter users posting health belief-related content over the study period. The fluctuations in the number of health belief-related tweets could reflect dynamics in case and death statistics, systematic interventions, and public events. Specifically, we observed that scientific events, such as scientific publications, and nonscientific events, such as politicians' speeches, were comparable in their ability to influence health belief trends on social media through a Kruskal-Wallis test (P=.78 and P=.92 for perceived benefits and perceived barriers, respectively). Conclusions: As an analogy of the classic epidemiology model where an infection is considered to be spreading in a population with an R-0 greater than 1, we found that the number of users tweeting about COVID-19 health beliefs was amplifying in an epidemic manner and could partially intensify the infodemic. It is unhealthy that both scientific and nonscientific events constitute no disparity in impacting the health belief trends on Twitter, since nonscientific events, such as politicians' speeches, might not be endorsed by substantial evidence and could sometimes be misleading.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, social media, health belief, Twitter, infodemic, infodemiology, machine learning, natural language processing
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Social Media, Health Belief Model, Infodemic, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing
- Creator:
- Wang, Hanyin, LI, YIKUAN, Hutch, Meghan Rose, Naidech, Andrew M, Luo, Yuan
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33529155
- Title:
- Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post L, Culler K, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses. Jmir Public Health and Surveillance. 2021;7(4):16.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Europe, resulting in a high caseload and deaths that varied by country. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has breached the borders of Europe. Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders. Objective: This study aimed to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand countries at risk for explosive growth and those that are managing the pandemic effectively. Methods: We performed a longitudinal trend analysis and extracted 62 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in Europe as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: New COVID-19 cases slightly decreased from 158,741 (week 1, January 4-10, 2021) to 152,064 (week 2, January 11-17, 2021), and cumulative cases increased from 22,507,271 (week 1) to 23,890,761 (week 2), with a weekly increase of 1,383,490 between January 10 and January 17. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom had the largest 7-day moving averages for new cases during week 1. During week 2, the 7-day moving average for France and Spain increased. From week 1 to week 2, the speed decreased (37.72 to 33.02 per 100,000), acceleration decreased (0.39 to -0.16 per 100,000), and jerk increased (-1.30 to 1.37 per 100,000). Conclusions: The United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal, in particular, are at risk for a rapid expansion in COVID-19 transmission. An examination of the European region suggests that there was a decrease in the COVID-19 caseload between January 4 and January 17, 2021. Unfortunately, the rates of jerk, which were negative for Europe at the beginning of the month, reversed course and became positive, despite decreases in speed and acceleration. Finally, the 7-day persistence rate was higher during week 2 than during week 1. These measures indicate that the second wave of the pandemic may be subsiding, but some countries remain at risk for new outbreaks and increased transmission in the absence of rapid policy responses.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, wave two, second wave, global COVID surveillance, Europe Public Health Surveillance, Europe COVID, Europe surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Europe econometrics, Europe SARS-CoV-2, Europe COVID surveillance system, European COVID transmission speed, European COVID transmission acceleration, COVID transmission deceleration, COVID transmission jerk, COVID 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, GMM
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Great Britain, Vatican City
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Culler, Kasen Lyndell, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J, Ison, Michael G, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33818391
83. Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
- Title:
- Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Hur K, Price CPE, Gray EL, Gulati RK, Maksimoski M, Racette SD, Schneider AL, Khanwalkar AR. Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2020;163(1):170-178.
- Abstract:
- Objective To identify risk factors associated with intubation and time to extubation in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Study Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Ten hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan area. Subjects and Methods Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted between March 1 and April 8, 2020, were included. We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with intubation and prolonged intubation for acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 infection. Results Of the 486 hospitalized patients included in the study, the median age was 59 years (interquartile range, 47-69); 271 (55.8%) were male; and the median body mass index was 30.6 (interquartile range, 26.5-35.6). During the hospitalization, 138 (28.4%) patients were intubated; 78 (56.5%) were eventually extubated; 21 (15.2%) died; and 39 (28.3%) remained intubated at a mean +/- SD follow-up of 19.6 +/- 6.7 days. Intubated patients had a significantly higher median age (65 vs 57 years, P < .001) and rate of diabetes (56 [40.6%] vs 104 [29.9%], P = .031) as compared with nonintubated patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, sex, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, history of diabetes, and shortness of breath as factors predictive of intubation. Age and body mass index were the only factors independently associated with time to extubation. Conclusion In addition to clinical signs of respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 who are older, male, or diabetic are at higher risk of requiring intubation. Among intubated patients, older and more obese patients are at higher risk for prolonged intubation. Otolaryngologists consulted for airway management should consider these factors in their decision making.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, hospitalized, adults, mechanical ventilator, intubation, tracheostomy
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Hospitalization, Intubation, Tracheostomy, Ventilators, Mechanical
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Hur, Kevin, Price, Caroline P E, Gray, Elizabeth Lucia, Gulati, Reeti Kiran, Maksimoski, Matthew Thomas, Racette, Samuel David, Schneider, Alexander Louis, Khanwalkar, Ashoke R
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32423368
- Title:
- Emergency Department Patient Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Karalius VP, Kaskar SB, Levine DA, Darling TA, Loftus TM, McCarthy DM. Emergency Department Patient Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Patient Experience. 2021;8:7.
- Abstract:
- Emergency department (ED) utilization changed notably during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. The purpose of the study was to gain a more thorough understanding of ED patient experience during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used the consensual qualitative approach to analyze open-ended responses from post-ED patient experience surveys from February through July 2020. Comments were included in the analysis if they pertained to care during the pandemic (eg, mentioned the virus, masks, PPE). A total of 242 COVID-specific comments from 192 unique patients were analyzed (median age 49 years; 69% female). Six themes were identified: visually observed changes, experiences of process changes, expressions of understanding or appreciation, sense of security, COVID-19 disease-specific comments, and classic satisfaction comments that align with previous literature on patient experience. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health care systems across the world in unique and unprecedented ways. This study identified six themes that better elucidate ED patient experience during an unprecedented public health crisis.
- Keyword:
- COVID, coronavirus, emergency department, patient, satisfaction, experience
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Emergency Service, Hospital, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Qualitative Research
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Karalius, Vytas Petras, Kaskar, Saabir, Levine, Daniel Adam, Darling, Tiffani A, Loftus, Timothy Michael, McCarthy, Danielle Molloy
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07-23
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34368429
- Title:
- A Timely Call to Arms: COVID-19, the Circadian Clock, and Critical Care
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Haspel J, Kim M, Zee P, Schwarzmeier T, Montagnese S, Panda S, Albani A, Merrow M. A Timely Call to Arms: COVID-19, the Circadian Clock, and Critical Care. Journal of Biological Rhythms. 2021;36(1):55-70.
- Abstract:
- We currently find ourselves in the midst of a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we discuss aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathology and how these might interact with the circadian clock of the host. We further focus on the severe manifestation of the illness, leading to hospitalization in an intensive care unit. The most common severe complications of COVID-19 relate to clock-regulated human physiology. We speculate on how the pandemic might be used to gain insights on the circadian clock but, more importantly, on how knowledge of the circadian clock might be used to mitigate the disease expression and the clinical course of COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, circadian clock, critical care, nutrition, zeitgeber, rhythm
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Circadian Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Circadian rhythms
- Creator:
- Haspel, Jeffrey, Kim, Minjee, Zee, Phyllis C, Schwarzmeier, Tanja, Montagnese, Sara, Panda, Satchidananda, Albani, Adriana, Merrow, Martha
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33573430
- Title:
- Comorbid Medical Conditions in Young Athletes: Considerations for Preparticipation Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Harmon KG, Pottinger PS, Baggish AL, Drezner JA, Luks AM, Thompson AA, Swaminathan S. Comorbid Medical Conditions in Young Athletes: Considerations for Preparticipation Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports Health-a Multidisciplinary Approach. 2020;12(5):456-458.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, athlete, obesity, diabetes, asthma
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Athletes, Comorbidity, Asthma, Obesity
- Creator:
- Pottinger, Paul S, Harmon, Kimberly G, Baggish, Aaron L, Drezner, Jonathan A, Luks, Andrew M, Thompson, Alexis A, Swaminathan, Sankar
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32579436
- Title:
- Resumption of Sport at the United States Olympic and Paralympic Training Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Shah AB, Nabhan D, Chapman R, Chiampas G, Drezner J, Olin JT, Taylor D, Finnoff JT, Baggish AL. Resumption of Sport at the United States Olympic and Paralympic Training Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports Health-a Multidisciplinary Approach. 2021;13(4):359-363.
- Abstract:
- In this brief report, we describe the safety of reopening US Olympic and Paralympic Training facilities (USOPTFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from July 2020 through October 2020. We evaluated the prevalence of COVID-19 infection at the time of reentry and cardiopulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 in elite athletes. All athletes returning to a USOPTF were required to go through a reentry protocol consisting of an electronic health history, a 6-day quarantine including twice-daily symptom surveys, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, and pulmonary function testing. Athletes with current or prior COVID-19 infection also underwent an echocardiogram, cardiology consultation, and additional testing as indicated. All athletes followed rigorous infection prevention measures and minimized contact with the outside community following reentry. At the time of this report, 301 athletes completed the reentry protocol among which 14 (4.7%) tested positive for active (positive polymerase chain reaction test, n = 3) or prior (positive antibody test, n = 11) COVID-19 infection. During the study period, this cohort accrued 14,916 days living and training at USOPTFs. Only one (0.3%) athlete was subsequently diagnosed with a new COVID-19 infection. No cardiopulmonary pathology attributable to COVID-19 was detected. Our findings suggest that residential elite athlete training facilities can successfully resume activity during the COVID-19 pandemic when strict reentry and infection prevention measures are followed. Dissemination of our reentry quarantine and screening protocols with COVID-19 mitigation measures may assist the global sports and medical community develop best practices for reopening of similar training centers.
- Keyword:
- elite athlete training, COVID-19, myocardial injury, return-to-play
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Athletes, Myocardial Contusions
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Shah, Ankit B, Nabhan, Dustin, Chapman, Robert Scott, Chiampas, George T, Drezner, Jonathan, Olin, J. Tod, Taylor, David E, Finnoff, Jonathan T, Baggish, Aaron L
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33709838
- Title:
- Comprehensive Literature Review and Evidence evaluation of Experimental Treatment in COVID 19 Contagion
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Boregowda U, Gandhi D, Jain N, Khanna K, Gupta N. Comprehensive Literature Review and Evidence evaluation of Experimental Treatment in COVID 19 Contagion. Clinical Medicine Insights-Circulatory Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine. 2020;14:7.
- Abstract:
- IMPORTANCE: Coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID 19) is caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus. The pandemic is affecting the livelihood of millions of people all over the world. At the time of preparing this report, the pandemic has affected 1 827 284 patients, with 113 031 deaths in 185 countries as per Johns Hopkins University. With no proven treatment for the disease, prevention of the disease in the community and healthcare setting is need of the hour. OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive literature search for preventive measures and experimental treatment options. In this review, we have focused our discussion on the risk of disease transmission, supportive treatment, and possible treatment options based on available evidence. EVIDENCE REVIEW: We performed a literature search on google scholar, PubMed, and society guidelines for literature related to COVID 19 and previous coronavirus pandemics. We included data review articles, observational studies, and controlled trials to synthesize the treatment options for COVID 19. FINDINGS: In this article, we have extensively reviewed and discussed recommendations from various world organizations for the public and healthcare workers. We have also discussed currently available experimental treatments since there is no proven treatment for COVID 19. The best method of dealing with the current outbreak is to reduce the community spread and thus flatten the curve. Although Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Azithromycin have been tried, passive immunity through convalescent serum and vaccine is still at an experimental stage. Patients with severe COVID 19 infections could be considered for this experimental treatment through various national randomized control trials, which may eventually lead to an evidence-based treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Awareness of currently available experimental treatment among healthcare providers and exploration of possible treatment options through evidence is need of the hour. We have discussed the most recently available literature and evidence behind experimental treatment in this article.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, Wuhan, Remdesivir, pandemic, RT-PCR
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Biomedical Research
- Creator:
- Boregowda, Umesha, Gandhi, Darshan, Jain, Nitin, Khanna, Kanika, Gupta, Nishant
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 35173507
- Title:
- Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Smith AM, Willroth EC, Gatchpazian A, Shallcross AJ, Feinberg M, Ford BQ. Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions. Psychological Science. 2021;32(7):1011-1023.
- Abstract:
- How people respond to health threats can influence their own health and, when people are facing communal risks, even their community's health. We propose that people commonly respond to health threats by managing their emotions with cognitive strategies such as reappraisal, which can reduce fear and protect mental health. However, because fear can also motivate health behaviors, reducing fear may also jeopardize health behaviors. In two diverse U.S. samples (N = 1,241) tracked across 3 months, sequential and cross-lagged panel mediation models indicated that reappraisal predicted lower fear about an ongoing health threat (COVID-19) and, in turn, better mental health but fewer recommended physical health behaviors. This trade-off was not inevitable, however: The use of reappraisal to increase socially oriented positive emotions predicted better mental health without jeopardizing physical health behaviors. Examining the costs and benefits of how people cope with health threats is essential for promoting better health outcomes for individuals and communities.
- Keyword:
- emotion regulation, reappraisal, fear, positive emotions, health behaviors, mental health, COVID-19, open data, open materials
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Emotional Regulation, Fear, Health Behavior, Mental Health
- Creator:
- Smith, Angela M, Willroth, Emily Catherine, Gatchpazian, Arasteh, Shallcross, Amanda J, Feinberg, Matthew, Ford, Brett Q
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34143697
- Title:
- Probing the SAM Binding Site of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 In Vitro Using SAM Competitive Inhibitors Guides Developing Selective Bisubstrate Inhibitors
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Devkota K, Schapira M, Perveen S, Yazdi AK, Li FL, Chau I, Ghiabi P, Hajian T, Loppnau P, Bolotokova A, Satchell KJF, Wang K, Li DY, Liu J, Smil D, Luo MK, Jin J, Fish PV, Brown PJ, Vedadi M. Probing the SAM Binding Site of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 In Vitro Using SAM Competitive Inhibitors Guides Developing Selective Bisubstrate Inhibitors. Slas Discovery. 2021;26(9):1200-1211.
- Abstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly brought the healthcare systems worldwide to a breaking point, along with devastating socioeconomic consequences. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the disease, uses RNA capping to evade the human immune system. Nonstructural protein (nsp) 14 is one of the 16 nsps in SARS-CoV-2 and catalyzes the methylation of the viral RNA at N7-guanosine in the cap formation process. To discover small-molecule inhibitors of nsp14 methyltransferase (MTase) activity, we developed and employed a radiometric MTase assay to screen a library of 161 in-house synthesized S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) competitive MTase inhibitors and SAM analogs. Among six identified screening hits, SS148 inhibited nsp14 MTase activity with an IC50 value of 70 +/- 6 nM and was selective against 20 human protein lysine MTases, indicating significant differences in SAM binding sites. Interestingly, DS0464 with an IC50 value of 1.1 +/- 0.2 mu M showed a bisubstrate competitive inhibitor mechanism of action. DS0464 was also selective against 28 out of 33 RNA, DNA, and protein MTases. The structure-activity relationship provided by these compounds should guide the optimization of selective bisubstrate nsp14 inhibitors and may provide a path toward a novel class of antivirals against COVID-19, and possibly other coronaviruses.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, nsp14, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, S-Adenosylmethionine, Binding Sites
- Creator:
- Devkota, Kanchan, Schapira, Matthieu, Perveen, Sumera, Yazdi, Aliakbar Khalili, Li, Fengling, Chau, Irene, Ghiabi, Pegah, Hajian, Taraneh, Loppnau, Peter, Bolotokova, Albina, Satchell, Karla J. F., Wang, Ke, Li, Deyao, Liu, Jing, Smil, David, Luo, Minkui, Jin, Jian, Fish, Paul, V., Brown, Peter J., Vedadi, Masoud
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34192965
- Title:
- A Framework for Maintaining a Fully Operational Autopsy Service at a Large Academic Teaching Institution During a Global Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Fu L, Zak T, Shanes E. A Framework for Maintaining a Fully Operational Autopsy Service at a Large Academic Teaching Institution During a Global Pandemic. Academic Pathology. 2021;8:8.
- Abstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic created new challenges in health care, and pathology departments have led with innovations in testing and education. While the medical community and public showed great interest in gross and histologic findings in COVID-affected patients, paradoxically many autopsy services nationwide closed due to uncertainties surrounding the proximity to infected patient tissue, shortages in personal protective equipment, and pressures to discontinue perceived nonessential hospital operations. These disruptions furthermore negatively impacted pathology trainee education. The autopsy division at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, with the belief that a fully functioning autopsy service is especially crucial at this time, adopted a framework for continuing at full capacity for both clinical care and education. New operations were modeled on national protocols by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the College of American Pathologists, and the service continually adjusted policies to reflect rapidly changing guidelines and feedback from trainees and staff. Between January and December 2020, we performed 182 adult autopsies including 45 COVID-19 autopsies. Twelve residents, 4 staff, and 5 attendings rotated through the service. In exit interviews, participants expressed: (1) improved comfort managing both COVID-related and general autopsies; (2) sense of personal safety on service (despite the increased risk of exposure); (3) belief that both COVID-related and general autopsies contributed to their personal education and to the medical community. There have been zero known autopsy-related COVID-19 infections to date. We hope that our innovative autopsy service restructuring can serve as a framework for other academic programs during the current and in future pandemics.
- Keyword:
- autopsy, COVID-19, academic, resident, pandemic, education
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Autopsy, Pathology
- Subject: Name:
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital
- Creator:
- Fu, Lucy, Shanes, Elisheva Douglas, Zak, Taylor J
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Location:
- Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Anecdotes
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33884293
- Title:
- Family Meetings in the Intensive Care Unit During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Piscitello GM, Fukushima CM, Saulitis AK, Tian KT, Hwang J, Gupta S, Sheldon M. Family Meetings in the Intensive Care Unit During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine. 2021;38(3):305-312.
- Abstract:
- Purpose: Visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic limit in-person family meetings for hospitalized patients. We aimed to evaluate the quantity of family meetings by telephone, video and in-person during the COVID-19 pandemic by manual chart review. Secondary outcomes included rate of change in patient goals of care between video and in-person meetings, the timing of family meetings, and variability in meetings by race and ethnicity. Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients admitted to the intensive care unit at an urban academic hospital between March and June 2020. Patients lacking decision-making capacity and receiving a referral for a video meeting were included in this study. Results: Most patients meeting inclusion criteria (N = 61/481, 13%) had COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 57/61, 93%). A total of 650 documented family meetings occurred. Few occurred in-person (n = 70/650, 11%) or discussed goals of care (n = 233/650, 36%). For meetings discussing goals of care, changes in patient goals of care occurred more often for in-person meetings rather than by video (36% vs. 11%, p = 0.0006). The average time to the first goals of care family meeting was 11.4 days from admission. More documented telephone meetings per admission were observed for White (10.5, SD 9.5) and Black/African-American (7.1, SD 6.6) patients compared to Hispanic or Latino patients (4.9, SD 4.9) (p = 0.02). Conclusions: During this period of strict visitor restrictions, few family meetings occurred in-person. Statistically significant fewer changes in patient goals of care occurred following video meetings compared to in-person meetings, providing support limiting in-person meetings may affect patient care.
- Keyword:
- family meetings, intensive care unit, telehealth, critical care, patient-physician communication, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Intensive Care Units, Telemedicine, Critical Care, Visitors to Patients
- Creator:
- Piscitello, Gina M., Fukushima, Corinna M., Saulitis, Anna K., Tian, Katherine T., Hwang, Jennifer, Gupta, Shreya, Sheldon, Mark
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33207937
- Title:
- Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Heyman-Kanto R, Hardy N, Corcoran AR. Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Patient Experience. 2020;7(5):677-679.
- Abstract:
- Hospitals have eliminated many in-person interactions and established new protocols to stem the spread of COVID-19. Inpatient psychiatric units face unique challenges, as patients cannot be isolated in their rooms and are at times unable to practice social distancing measures. Many institutions have experimented with providing some psychiatric services remotely to reduce the number of people physically present on the wards and decrease the risk of disease transmission. This case report presents 2 patient perspectives on receiving psychiatric care via videoconferencing while on the inpatient unit of a large academic tertiary care hospital. One patient identified some benefits to virtual treatment while the second found the experience impersonal; both were satisfied with the overall quality of care they received and were stable 2 weeks after discharge. These cases demonstrate that effective care can be provided remotely even to severely ill psychiatric patients who require hospitalization.
- Keyword:
- telemedicine, mental health, psychiatry, COVID-19, patient experience
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Telemedicine, Mental Health, Psychiatry, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Qualitative Research
- Creator:
- Heyman-Kanto, Reuben, Hardy, Nathan Ellis, Corcoran, Amy Rose
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33294598
- Title:
- Type I Interferon (IFN)-Regulated Activation of Canonical and Non-Canonical Signaling Pathways
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mazewski C, Perez RE, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Type I Interferon (IFN)-Regulated Activation of Canonical and Non-Canonical Signaling Pathways. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11:13.
- Abstract:
- For several decades there has been accumulating evidence implicating type I interferons (IFNs) as key elements of the immune response. Therapeutic approaches incorporating different recombinant type I IFN proteins have been successfully employed to treat a diverse group of diseases with significant and positive outcomes. The biological activities of type I IFNs are consequences of signaling events occurring in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. Biochemical events involving JAK/STAT proteins that control transcriptional activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were the first to be identified and are referred to as canonical signaling. Subsequent identification of JAK/STAT-independent signaling pathways, critical for ISG transcription and/or mRNA translation, are denoted as non-canonical or non-classical pathways. In this review, we summarize these signaling cascades and discuss recent developments in the field, specifically as they relate to the biological and clinical implications of engagement of both canonical and non-canonical pathways.
- Keyword:
- interferon, signaling, MAP kinase signaling, signal transducer and activator of transcription, mammalian target of rapamycin, mRNA translation, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta, Signal Transduction, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Sirolimus, Protein Biosynthesis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Creator:
- Mazewski, Candice Elise, Perez, Ricardo Ernesto, Fish, Eleanor N, Platanias, Leonidas C
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11-23
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33329603
- Title:
- Toward Accurate and Robust Environmental Surveillance Using Metagenomics
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Shen JX, McFarland AG, Young VB, Hayden MK, Hartmann EM. Toward Accurate and Robust Environmental Surveillance Using Metagenomics. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021;12:8.
- Abstract:
- Environmental surveillance is a critical tool for combatting public health threats represented by the global COVID-19 pandemic and the continuous increase of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. With its power to detect entire microbial communities, metagenomics-based methods stand out in addressing the need. However, several hurdles remain to be overcome in order to generate actionable interpretations from metagenomic sequencing data for infection prevention. Conceptually and technically, we focus on viability assessment, taxonomic resolution, and quantitative metagenomics, and discuss their current advancements, necessary precautions and directions to further development. We highlight the importance of building solid conceptual frameworks and identifying rational limits to facilitate the application of techniques. We also propose the usage of internal standards as a promising approach to overcome analytical bottlenecks introduced by low biomass samples and the inherent lack of quantitation in metagenomics. Taken together, we hope this perspective will contribute to bringing accurate and consistent metagenomics-based environmental surveillance to the ground.
- Keyword:
- viability, limit of detection, metagenomics, taxonomic resolution, environmental surveillance, quantitative metagenomics
- Subject: MESH:
- Metagenomics, Limit of Detection
- Creator:
- SHEN, Jiaxian, McFarland, Alexander G, Young, Vincent B, Hayden, Mary K, Hartmann, Erica Marie
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33747038
- Title:
- Respiratory Microbial Co-infection With SARS-CoV-2
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Massey BW, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY. Respiratory Microbial Co-infection With SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020;11:7.
- Abstract:
- Co-infection with additional pathogens is a well-known feature of pandemics. We determined the prevalence and type of a wide variety of respiratory pathogens in 12,075 United States subjects tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in March and April 2020. Infections with other respiratory pathogens, which on their own produce at least some SARS-CoV-2 symptoms including mortality, were present in both SARS-CoV-2 + and SARS-CoV-2- subjects. Non-SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 + (86%) patients than SARS-CoV-2- patients (76%) (p< 0.0001). Among the co-pathogens present in both subject groups were K. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis which can produce serious respiratory illness on their own, Advanced age and nursing home status were associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 + and co-infection rates. Testing for the presence of co-pathogens going forward will assist in the diagnosis and optimal treatment of suspected SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections in the current pandemic.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory co-infection, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, nursing home, age, race
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coinfection, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Health Services for the Aged, Nursing Homes
- Creator:
- Massey, Bill W, Jayathilake, Karu, Meltzer, Herbert Y
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-08-25
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32983056
- Title:
- One-Size-Fits All: A Scalable Solution to Formal Telemedicine Provider Training to Support the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Schinasi DA, An-Grogan Y, Stephen R, Shimek A, Furney M, Bohling MK. One-Size-Fits All: A Scalable Solution to Formal Telemedicine Provider Training to Support the COVID-19 Pandemic Response. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:4.
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Formalized training in telemedicine addresses barriers to provider adoption and engagement and assures a level of competence for independent practice. We previously developed a blended-model training program, customizable according to role and specialty; this method of training was not feasible in the pandemic response. We describe the development and implementation of a multi- and interdisciplinary telemedicine provider training program enabling the rapid scaling of telemedicine at our institution. Methods: An existing curriculum was pared down to a 1-h session delivered synchronously, covering the foundational components of telemedicine practice. Supplemental materials were available for asynchronous learning via the hospital intranet. Completion of training was required of all clinicians who practice telemedicine. Results: We conducted 35 sessions for 1,070 providers over 12 weeks. Attendees included clinicians across numerous roles and specialties. Additional resources were created and available through the Telemedicine Virtual Handbook and housed in specific toolkits. Discussion: Telemedicine training is necessary for consistent, competent practice of telemedicine in pediatrics. We describe a training process that can be easily replicated and rapidly deployed to providers of telemedicine across roles and disciplines. Combining a mandatory and brief synchronous provider training session with a repository of online resources creates a foundation for consistent practice, while allowing for more individualized resources accessible on demand. Standardized telemedicine training followed by mechanisms for ongoing professional practice evaluation allow institutions to ensure consistent and competent practice of telemedicine. Further study is needed to determine the best modality for training, and optimal assessment tools according to professional role.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, telemedicine, telehealth, training, education
- Subject: MESH:
- Telemedicine, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Telecommunication in medicine, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Creator:
- Schinasi, Dana Aronson, An-Grogan, Yuemi, Stephen, Rebecca, Shimek, Aric, Furney, Marisa, Bohling, M. Katie
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-30
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33859970
- Title:
- The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Macy JT, Owens C, Mullis K, Middlestadt SE. The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9:8.
- Abstract:
- Purpose: Because older adults are at elevated risk of COVID-19-related adverse health outcomes, and staying at home is an effective strategy to avoid unnecessary exposures, the current formative study used the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to identify the beliefs underlying older adults' decision to stay home for the next month. Methods: The participants (weighted n = 206, age 65-94) for the current study were selected from a nationally representative online survey of US adults from April 10-20, 2020. We used multiple linear regression to estimate the relative contribution of the four RAA global constructs (instrumental attitude, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy) in explaining intention to stay home after controlling for demographic covariates. We also conducted a content analysis to identify beliefs about advantages, disadvantages, and facilitators of staying home. Results: After controlling for demographic characteristics, injunctive norms (b = 0.208; SE = 0.059; B = 0.213, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (b = 0.532; SE = 0.058; B = 0.537, p < 0.001) showed statistically significant independent associations with intention to stay home. The specific beliefs underlying the decision to stay home spanned across health and wellness dimensions and suggested interpersonal, mental health, and leisure/recreational facilitators. Conclusions: These findings suggest three public health intervention targets. First, self-efficacy building interventions could enhance older adults' perceptions of their ability to stay home to avoid unnecessary exposures. Second, health communication messages to address injunctive norms could emphasize that people important to older adults think they should stay home. Third, for the youngest of the older adults, health communication messages could emphasize the advantages of staying home.
- Keyword:
- older people, stay at home orders, reasoned action approach, self-efficacy, belief determinants, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--prevention & control, Physical Distancing, Aged, Self Efficacy
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Social distancing (Public health), Older people, Self-efficacy
- Creator:
- Macy, Jonathan T., Owens, Christopher, Mullis, Kristina, Middlestadt, Susan E.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34150704
- Title:
- Commentary: GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- De Souza A, Tavora FA, Mahalingam D, Munster PN, Safran HP, El-Deiry WS, Carneiro BA. Commentary: GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11:3.
- Keyword:
- glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, COVID-19, COVID, 9-ING-41, GSK-3b inhibitor, GSK-3 inhibitor, SARS-CoV21
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Protein Kinase Inhibitors
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Glycogen synthase kinase-3, Enzyme inhibitors
- Creator:
- De Souza, Andre, Tavora, Fabio A., Mahalingam, Devalingam, Munster, Pamela N., Safran, Howard P., El-Deiry, Wafik S., Carneiro, Benedito A.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10-19
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Editorial
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33193448
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S6 - Histone Mark Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset