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- Title:
- Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies: Report of a WHO Working Group
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Jamrozik E, Littler K, Bull S, Emerson C, Kang G, Kapulu M, Rey E, Saenz C, Shah S, Smith PG, Upshur R, Weijer C, Selgelid MJ, Cha WHOWGGH. Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies: Report of a WHO Working Group. Vaccine. 2021;39(4):633-640.
- Abstract:
- This report of the WHO Working Group for Guidance on Human Challenge Studies in COVID-19 outlines ethical standards for COVID-19 challenge studies. It includes eight Key Criteria related to scientific justification, risk-benefit assessment, consultation and engagement, co-ordination of research, site selection, participant selection, expert review, and informed consent. The document aims to provide comprehensive guidance to scientists, research ethics committees, funders, policymakers, and regulators in deliberations regarding SARS-CoV-2 challenge studies by outlining criteria that would need to be satisfied in order for such studies to be ethically acceptable. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Keyword:
- Bioethics, Ethics, Research ethics, Clinical trials, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Human challenge studies, Controlled human infection
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, Clinical Trials as Topic--ethics, Biomedical Research--ethics
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 vaccines, Medical ethics
- Creator:
- Jamrozik, Euzebiusz, Littler, Katherine, Bull, Susan, Emerson, Claudia, Kang, Gagandeep, Kapulu, Melissa, Rey, Elena, Saenz, Carla, Shah, Seema Kirti, Smith, Peter G., Upshur, Ross, Weijer, Charles, Selgelid, Michael J., WHO Working Group for Guidance on Human Challenge Studies in COVID-19
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER SCI LTD
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33341309
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 5 - Flow Data %TF+
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 4g,h - Metabolomic Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 4a-c - Metabolomic Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- A method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthy human stool: a validation study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Coryell MP, Iakiviak M, Pereira N, Murugkar PP, Rippe J, Williams DB, Heald-Sargent T, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Chavez J, Hastie JL, Sava RL, Lien CZ, Wang TT, Muller WJ, Fischbach MA, Carlson PE. A method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthy human stool: a validation study. Lancet Microbe. 2021;2(6):E259-E266.
- Abstract:
- Background Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns about transmission through faecal microbiota transplantation procedures. Validation parameters of authorised tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in respiratory samples are described in product labelling, whereas the published methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection from faecal samples have not permitted a robust description of the assay parameters. We aimed to develop and validate a test specifically for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human stool. Methods In this validation study, we evaluated performance characteristics of a reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human stool specimens by spiking stool with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 material. A modified version of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention RT-rtPCR SARS-CoV-2 test was used for detection of viral RNA. Analytical sensitivity was evaluated in freshly spiked stool by testing two-fold dilutions in replicates of 20. Masked samples were tested by a second laboratory to evaluate interlaboratory reproducibility. Short-term (7-day) stability of viral RNA in stool samples was assessed with four different stool storage buffers (phosphate-buffered saline, Cary-Blair medium, Stool Transport and Recovery [STAR] buffer, and DNA/RNA Shield) kept at -80 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and ambient temperature (approximately 21 degrees C). We also tested clinical stool and anal swab specimens from patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive by nasopharyngeal testing. Findings The lower limit of detection of the assay was found to be 3000 viral RNA copies per g of original stool sample, with 100% detection across 20 replicates assessed at this concentration. Analytical sensitivity was diminished by approximately two times after a single freeze-thaw cycle at -80 degrees C. At 100 times the limit of detection, spiked samples were generally stable in all four stool storage buffers tested for up to 7 days, with maximum changes in mean threshold cycle values observed at -80 degrees C storage in Cary-Blair medium (from 29.4 [SD 0.27] at baseline to 30.8 [0.17] at day 7; p<0.0001), at 4 degrees C storage in DNA/RNA Shield (from 28.5 [0.15] to 29.8 [0.09]; p=0.0019), and at ambient temperature in STAR buffer (from 30.4 [0.24] to 32.4 [0.62]; p=0.0083). 30 contrived SARS-CoV-2 samples were tested by a second laboratory and were correctly identified as positive or negative in at least one of two rounds of testing. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using this assay in the stool and anal swab specimens of 11 of 23 individuals known to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation This is a sensitive and reproducible assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human stool, with potential uses in faecal microbiota transplantation donor screening, sewage monitoring, and further research into the effects of faecal shedding on the epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)
- Creator:
- Coryell, Michael P., Iakiviak, Mikhail, Pereira, Nicole, Murugkar, Pallavi P., Rippe, Jason, Williams, David B., Heald-Sargent, Taylor Alis, Sanchez-Pinto, Lazaro Nelson, Chavez, Jairo, Hastie, Jessica L., Sava, Rosa L., Lien, Christopher Z., Wang, Tony T., Muller, William J, Fischbach, Michael A., Carlson, Paul E., Jr.
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Page Number:
- 8
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33821247
- Title:
- A clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Lorenzo-Redondo R, Nam HH, Roberts SC, Simons LM, Jennings LJ, Qi C, Achenbach CJ, Hauser AR, Ison MG, Hultquist JF, Ozer EA. A Clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways. Ebiomedicine. 2020;62:10.
- Abstract:
- Background: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been accompanied by the emergence of distinct viral clades, though their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the phylogenetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Chicago, Illinois, and assess their relationship to clinical parameters. Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected from COVID-19 patients in Chicago in mid-March, 2020. Using these and other publicly available sequences, we performed phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and phylodynamic analyses. Patient data was assessed for correlations between demographic or clinical characteristics and virologic features. Findings: The 88 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences in our study separated into three distinct phylogenetic clades. Clades 1 and 3 were most closely related to viral sequences from New York and Washington state, respectively, with relatively broad distributions across the US. Clade 2 was primarily found in the Chicago area with limited distribution elsewhere. At the time of diagnosis, patients infected with Clade 1 viruses had significantly higher average viral loads in their upper airways relative to patients infected with Clade 2 viruses, independent of disease severity. Interpretation: These results show that multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in the Chicago area in mid-March 2020 that differed in their relative viral loads in patient upper airways. These data suggest that differences in virus genotype can impact viral load and may influence viral spread.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Phylogenetics, Viral load, Viral genotype, Whole genome sequencing
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Phylogeny, Viral Load, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genome, Viral
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Lorenzo Redondo, Ramon, Nam, Hannah H, Roberts, Scott C, Simons, Lacy Marie, Jennings, Lawrence J, Qi, Chao, Achenbach, Chad J, Hauser, Alan R, Ison, Michael G, Hultquist, Judd Franklin, Ozer, Egon Anderson
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33186810
- Title:
- Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Onesti CE, Rugo HS, Generali D, Peeters M, Zaman K, Wildiers H, Harbeck N, Martin M, Cristofanilli M, Cortes J, Tjan-Heijnen V, Hurvitz SA, Berchem G, Tagliamento M, Campone M, Bartsch R, De Placido S, Puglisi F, Rottey S, Muller V, Ruhstaller T, Machiels JP, Conte P, Awada A, Jerusalem G. Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak. Esmo Open. 2020;5(4):8.
- Abstract:
- Background COVID-19 appeared in late 2019, causing a pandemic spread. This led to a reorganisation of oncology care in order to reduce the risk of spreading infection between patients and healthcare staff. Here we analysed measures taken in major oncological units in Europe and the USA. Methods A 46-item survey was sent by email to representatives of 30 oncological centres in 12 of the most affected countries. The survey inquired about preventive measures established to reduce virus spread, patient education and processes employed for risk reduction in each oncological unit. Results Investigators from 21 centres in 10 countries answered the survey between 10 April and 6 May 2020. A triage for patients with cancer before hospital or clinic visits was conducted by 90.5% of centres before consultations, 95.2% before day care admissions and in 100% of the cases before overnight hospitalisation by means of phone calls, interactive online platforms, swab test and/or chest CT scan. Permission for caregivers to attend clinic visits was limited in many centres, with some exceptions (ie, for non-autonomous patients, in the case of a new diagnosis, when bad news was expected and for terminally ill patients). With a variable delay period, the use of personal protective equipment was unanimously mandatory, and in many centres, only targeted clinical and instrumental examinations were performed. Telemedicine was implemented in 76.2% of the centres. Separated pathways for COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients were organised, with separate inpatient units and day care areas. Self-isolation was required for COVID-19-positive or symptomatic staff, while return to work policies required a negative swab test in 76.2% of the centres. Conclusion Many pragmatic measures have been quickly implemented to deal with the health emergency linked to COVID-19, although the relative efficacy of each intervention should be further analysed in large observational studies.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, oncological care
- Subject: MESH:
- Oncology Service, Hospital, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Cancer--Patients--Hospital care, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020---Influence
- Creator:
- Onesti, Concetta Elisa, Rugo, Hope S., Generali, Daniele, Peeters, Marc, Zaman, Khalil, Wildiers, Hans, Harbeck, Nadia, Martin, Miguel, Cristofanilli, Massimo, Cortes, Javier, Tjan-Heijnen, Vivianne, Hurvitz, Sara A., Berchem, Guy, Tagliamento, Marco, Campone, Mario, Bartsch, Rupert, De Placido, Sabino, Puglisi, Fabio, Rottey, Sylvie, Mueller, Volkmar, Ruhstaller, Thomas, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, Conte, PierFranco, Awada, Ahmad, Jerusalem, Guy
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32847836
- Title:
- Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals.
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Demonbreun AR, Sancilio A, Velez MP, Ryan DT, Saber R, Vaught LA, Reiser NL, Hsieh RR, D'Aquila RT, Mustanski B, McNally EM, McDade TW. Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. Eclinicalmedicine. 2021;38:7.
- Abstract:
- Background: Recent reports have suggested that among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, a single mRNA vaccine dose is sufficient to elicit high levels of immunity. Methods: We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated neutralization of spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding in vitro following vaccination of non-hospitalized participants by sero-status and acute virus diagnosis history. Participants were analysed before and after mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna) in a community-based, home-collected, longitudinal serosurvey in the Chicago area (USA); none reported hospitalization for COVID-19. Samples were collected in January and February 2021. Before vaccination, some reported prior positive acute viral diagnostic testing and were seropositive (COVID-19+); the others who did not report acute viral diagnostic testing were categorized as seropositive or seronegative based on anti-spike RBD IgG test results. Findings: Of 307 unique vaccine recipients, 46 reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis and were seropositive (COVID-19 +). Of the 261 with no history of acute viral diagnostic testing, 117 were seropositive and 144 seronegative before vaccination. The median age was 38 years (range 21-83) with 67 female and 33% male; 40% were non-White. Responses were evaluated after one (n = 142) or two (n = 191) doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. After one dose, median post-vaccine IgG concentration and percent surrogate neutralization were each significantly higher among the COVID-19+ (median 48.2 mu g/ml, IgG; > 99.9% neutralization) compared to the seropositives (3.6 mu g/ml IgG; 56.5% neutralization) and seronegatives (2.6 mu g/ml IgG; 38.3% neutralization). The latter two groups reached > 95% neutralization after the second vaccine dose. Interpretation: After one dose of mRNA vaccine, individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 responded with high levels of anti-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralization of spike-ACE2 interaction. One dose of mRNA vaccine was not sufficient to generate comparably high responses among most persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 without a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis, nor among seronegative persons. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Serological testing, IgG, ELISA, Dried blood spots, Vaccine, Neutralizing, Receptor binding domain
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2--drug effects, COVID-19 Serological Testing, Antibodies, Neutralizing
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 vaccines, Immunoglobulin G
- Creator:
- Demonbreun, Alexis R., Sancilio, Amelia Elizabeth McMullen, Velez, Matt P., Ryan, Daniel T., Saber, Rana, Vaught, Lauren A., Reiser, Nina L., Hsieh, Ryan R., D'Aquila, Richard T., Mustanski, Brian, McNally, Elizabeth M., McDade, Thomas W.
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34278286
- Title:
- Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mei Y, Weinberg SE, Zhao LH, Frink A, Qi C, Behdad A, Ji P. Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza. Eclinicalmedicine. 2020;26:8.
- Abstract:
- Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 overlaps with the flu season. Methods: We compared clinical and laboratory results from 719 influenza and 973 COVID-19 patients from January to April 2020. We compiled laboratory results from the first 14 days of the hospitalized patients using parameters that are most significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza and hierarchically clustered COVID-19 patients. Findings: Compared to influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited a continued increase in white blood cell count, rapid decline of hemoglobin, more rapid increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and D-dimer, and higher level of alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen. COVID-19 patients were sub-classified into 5 clusters through a hierarchical clustering analysis. Medical records were reviewed and patients were risk stratified based on the clinical outcomes. The cluster with the highest risk showed 27 8% fatality, 94% ICU admission, 94% intubation, and 28% discharge rates compared to 0%, 38%, 22%, and 88% in the lowest risk cluster, respectively. Patients in the highest risk cluster had leukocytosis including neutrophilia and monocytosis, severe anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, higher BUN, creatinine, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and troponin. Interpretation: There are significant differences in the clinical and laboratory courses between COVID-19 and influenza. Risk stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using laboratory data could be useful to predict clinical outcomes and pathophysiology of these patients. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Risk Assessment, Influenza, Human
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Risk assessment, Influenza--Research
- Creator:
- Mei, Yang, Weinberg, Samuel E., Zhao, Lihui, Frink, Adam, Qi, Chao, Behdad, Amir, Ji, Peng
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33089115
- Title:
- Public attitudes towards COVID-19 contact tracing apps: A UK-based focus group study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Williams SN, Armitage CJ, Tampe T, Dienes K. Public attitudes towards COVID-19 contact tracing apps: A UK-based focus group study. Health Expectations. 2021;24(2):377-385.
- Abstract:
- Background: During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, one of the key components of many countries' strategies to reduce the spread of the virus is contact tracing. Objective: To explore public attitudes to a COVID-19 contact tracing app in the United Kingdom. Setting: Online video-conferencing. Participants: 27 participants, UK residents aged 18 years and older. Methods: Qualitative study consisting of six focus groups carried out between 1st-12th May, 2020 (39-50 days into the UK 'lockdown'). Results: Participants were divided as to whether or not they felt they would use the app. Analysis revealed five themes: (1) lack of information and misconceptions surrounding COVID-19 contact tracing apps; (2) concerns over privacy; (3) concerns over stigma; (4)concerns over uptake; and (5) contact tracing as the 'greater good'. Concerns over privacy, uptake and stigma were particularly significant amongst those stated they will not be using the app, and the view that the app is for the 'greater good' was particularly significant amongst those who stated they will be using the app. One of the most common misconceptions about the app was that it could allow users to specifically identify and map COVID-19 cases amongst their contacts and in their vicinity. Conclusions: Our participants were torn over whether digital contact tracing is a good idea or not, and views were heavily influenced by moral reasoning. Patient or Public Contribution: No patients were involved in this study. The public were not involved in the development of the research questions, research design or outcome measures. A pilot focus group with participants not included in the present paper was used to help test and refine the focus group questions. Summary results were disseminated via email to participants prior to publication for feedback and comment.
- Keyword:
- contact tracing, COVID-19, public attitudes, public health
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Contact Tracing, Public Opinion
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Contact tracing (Epidemiology)
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Great Britain
- Creator:
- Williams, Simon Nicholas, Armitage, Christopher J., Tampe, Tova, Dienes, Kimberly
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33434404
111. Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers
- Title:
- Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Graham EL, Clark JR, Orban ZS, Lim PH, Szymanski AL, Taylor C, DiBiase RM, Jia DT, Balabanov R, Ho SU, Batra A, Liotta EM, Koralnik IJ. Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 "long haulers". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2021;8(5):1073-1085.
- Abstract:
- Objective: Most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals never require hospitalization. However, some develop prolonged symptoms. We sought to characterize the spectrum of neurologic manifestations in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers. Methods: This is a prospective study of the first 100 consecutive patients (50 SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-positive (SARS-CoV-2(+)) and 50 laboratory-negative (SARS-CoV-2(-)) individuals) presenting to our Neuro-Covid-19 clinic between May and November 2020. Due to early pandemic testing limitations, patients were included if they met Infectious Diseases Society of America symptoms of Covid-19, were never hospitalized for pneumonia or hypoxemia, and had neurologic symptoms lasting over 6 weeks. We recorded the frequency of neurologic symptoms and analyzed patient-reported quality of life measures and standardized cognitive assessments. Results: Mean age was 43.2 +/- 11.3 years, 70% were female, and 48% were evaluated in televisits. The most frequent comorbidities were depression/anxiety (42%) and autoimmune disease (16%). The main neurologic manifestations were: brain fog (81%), headache (68%), numbness/tingling (60%), dysgeusia (59%), anosmia (55%), and myalgias (55%), with only anosmia being more frequent in SARS-CoV-2(+) than SARS-CoV-2(-) patients (37/50 [74%] vs. 18/50 [36%]; p < 0.001). Moreover, 85% also experienced fatigue. There was no correlation between time from disease onset and subjective impression of recovery. Both groups exhibited impaired quality of life in cognitive and fatigue domains. SARS-CoV-2(+) patients performed worse in attention and working memory cognitive tasks compared to a demographic-matched US population (T-score 41.5 [37, 48.25] and 43 [37.5, 48.75], respectively; both p < 0.01). Interpretation: Non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers experience prominent and persistent brain fog and fatigue that affect their cognition and quality of life.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Neurologic Manifestations, Cognitive Dysfunction
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Cognition disorders
- Creator:
- Graham, Edith L., Clark, Jeffrey R., Orban, Zachary S., Lim, Patrick H., Szymanski, April L., Taylor, Carolyn, DiBiase, Rebecca M., Jia, Dan Tong, Balabanov, Roumen Deltchev, Ho, Sam U., Batra, Ayush, Liotta, Eric Michael, Koralnik, Igor Jerome
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33755344
- Title:
- Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mok VCT, Pendlebury S, Wong A, Alladi S, Au L, Bath PM, Biessels GJ, Chen C, Cordonnier C, Dichgans M, Dominguez J, Gorelick PB, Kim S, Kwok T, Greenberg SM, Jia J, Kalaria R, Kivipelto M, Naegandran K, Lam LCW, Lam BYK, Lee ATC, Markus HS, O'Brien J, Pai MC, Pantoni L, Sachdev P, Skoog I, Smith EE, Srikanth V, Suh GH, Wardlaw J, Ko H, Black SE, Scheltens P. Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future. Alzheimers & Dementia. 2020;16(11):1571-1581.
- Abstract:
- We have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID-19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and the challenges encountered in our management of dementia in different health-care settings, including hospital, outpatient, care homes, and the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have also proposed a conceptual framework and practical suggestions for health-care providers in tackling these challenges, which can also apply to the care of older people in general, with or without other neurological diseases, such as stroke or parkinsonism. We believe this review will provide strategic directions and set standards for health-care leaders in dementia, including governmental bodies around the world in coordinating emergency response plans for protecting and caring for older people with dementia amid the COIVD-19 outbreak, which is likely to continue at varying severity in different regions around the world in the medium term.
- Keyword:
- Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19, dementia, older people
- Subject: MESH:
- Alzheimer Disease--therapy, Dementia--therapy, Aged, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Alzheimer's disease--Patients--Care, Dementia--Patients--Care, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Creator:
- Mok, Vincent C. T., Pendlebury, Sarah, Wong, Adrian, Alladi, Suvarna, Au, Lisa, Bath, Philip M., Biessels, Geert Jan, Chen, Christopher, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Dichgans, Martin, Dominguez, Jacqueline, Gorelick, Philip B., Kim, SangYun, Kwok, Timothy, Greenberg, Steven M., Jia, Jianping, Kalaria, Rajesh, Kivipelto, Miia, Naegandran, Kandiah, Lam, Linda C. W., Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, Lee, Allen T. C., Markus, Hugh S., O'Brien, John, Pai, Ming-Chyi, Pantoni, Leonardo, Sachdev, Perminder, Skoog, Ingmar, Smith, Eric E., Srikanth, Velandai, Suh, Guk-Hee, Wardlaw, Joanna, Ko, Ho, Black, Sandra E., Scheltens, Philip
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32789951
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 identified by universal preoperative COVID-19 testing prior to emergency surgery: Case of an asymptomatic pediatric patient requiring emergency surgery
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Racette SD, Lavin JM, Kociolek LK, Zheng XTT, Haverkamp KS, Rosenthal LHS. SARS-CoV-2 identified by universal preoperative COVID-19 testing prior to emergency surgery: Case of an asymptomatic pediatric patient requiring emergency surgery. Clinical Case Reports. 2021;9(6):3.
- Abstract:
- This case highlights the importance of identifying SARS-CoV-2 preoperatively, irrespective of symptoms, as symptoms may be mild, especially in children compared to adults, and asymptomatic carriers can have high viral loads and be infectious.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, emergency, pediatric, SARS-CoV-2, surgery
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Testing, Infant
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)--Testing
- Creator:
- Racette, Samuel D., Lavin, Jennifer M., Kociolek, Larry K., Zheng, Xiotian T., Haverkamp, Karen Susan, Swibel Rosenthal, Laura H.
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Case Reports, Journal Article
114. Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients
- Title:
- Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Liotta EM, Batra A, Clark JR, Shlobin NA, Hoffman SC, Orban ZS, Koralnik IJ. Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2020;7(11):2221-2230.
- Abstract:
- Objective: Covid-19 can involve multiple organs including the nervous system. We sought to characterize the neurologic manifestations, their risk factors, and associated outcomes in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Methods: We examined neurologic manifestations in 509 consecutive patients admitted with confirmed Covid-19 within a hospital network in Chicago, Illinois. We compared the severity of Covid-19 and outcomes in patients with and without neurologic manifestations. We also identified independent predictors of any neurologic manifestations, encephalopathy, and functional outcome using binary logistic regression. Results: Neurologic manifestations were present at Covid-19 onset in 215 (42.2%), at hospitalization in 319 (62.7%), and at any time during the disease course in 419 patients (82.3%). The most frequent neurologic manifestations were myalgias (44.8%), headaches (37.7%), encephalopathy (31.8%), dizziness (29.7%), dysgeusia (15.9%), and anosmia (11.4%). Strokes, movement disorders, motor and sensory deficits, ataxia, and seizures were uncommon (0.2 to 1.4% of patients each). Severe respiratory disease requiring mechanical ventilation occurred in 134 patients (26.3%). Independent risk factors for developing any neurologic manifestation were severe Covid-19 (OR 4.02; 95% CI 2.04-8.89; P < 0.001) and younger age (OR 0.982; 95% CI 0.968-0.996; P = 0.014). Of all patients, 362 (71.1%) had a favorable functional outcome at discharge (modified Rankin Scale 0-2). However, encephalopathy was independently associated with worse functional outcome (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.11-0.42; P < 0.001) and higher mortality within 30 days of hospitalization (35 [21.7%] vs. 11 [3.2%] patients; P < 0.001). Interpretation; Neurologic manifestations occur in most hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Encephalopathy was associated with increased morbidity and mortality, independent of respiratory disease severity.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--complications, Neurologic Manifestations
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Cognition disorders
- Creator:
- Liotta, Eric M., Batra, Ayush, Clark, Jeffrey R., Shlobin, Nathan A., Hoffman, Steven C., Orban, Zachary S., Koralnik, Igor J.
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33016619
- Title:
- Fulminant myocarditis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 and rapid myocardial recovery following treatment
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Gay HC, Sinha A, Michel E, Mozer AB, Budd A, Feinstein MJ, Benzuly KH, Al-Qamari A, Pawale AA, Vorovich EE. Fulminant myocarditis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 and rapid myocardial recovery following treatment. Esc Heart Failure. 2020;7(6):4367-4370.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic increasingly encountered in the clinical setting. It typically manifests as a respiratory illness, although cardiac involvement is common and portends a worse prognosis. We present the case of a 56-year-old male admitted with COVID-19 fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock. We discuss important aspects of the multidisciplinary and interventional care involved in treating cardiogenic shock as well as the likely mechanisms of, and potential treatment for, COVID-19 myocarditis. The various pathways of myocardial injury, including direct viral damage, macrophage activation, and lymphocytic infiltration, are outlined in detail in addition to associated pathology such as cytokine release syndrome. COVID-19 is a complex and multisystem disease process; in addition to supportive care, specific consideration should be given to the underlying mechanism of injury for each patient.
- Keyword:
- Myocarditis, Cardiogenic shock, COVID-19, Mechanical support, Echocardiography, Case reports
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Myocarditis
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Myocarditis
- Creator:
- Gay, Hawkins Clark, Sinha, Arjun, Michel, Eriberto, Mozer, Anthony B., Budd, Ashley Nicole, Feinstein, Matthew J, Benzuly, Keith, Al-Qamari, Abbas, Pawale, Amit A., Vorovich, Esther Elizabeth
- Publisher:
- WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Case Reports, Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33063450
- Title:
- Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Bramante CT, Buse J, Tamaritz L, Palacio A, Cohen K, Vojta D, Liebovitz D, Mitchell N, Nicklas J, Lingvay I, Clark JM, Aronne LJ, Anderson E, Usher M, Demmer R, Melton GB, Ingraham N, Tignanelli CJ. Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(7):4273-4279.
- Abstract:
- Observational studies suggest outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Metformin is known to decrease interleukin-6 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, which appear to contribute to morbidity in COVID-19. We sought to understand whether outpatient metformin use was associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19 disease in a large US healthcare data set. Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data that was pooled across multiple EHR systems from 12 hospitals and 60 primary care clinics in the Midwest between March 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020. Inclusion criteria: data for body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) and a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test; age >= 30 and <= 85 years. Exclusion criteria: patient opt-out of research. Metformin is the exposure of interest, and death, admission, and intensive care unit admission are the outcomes of interest. Metformin was associated with a decrease in mortality from COVID-19, OR 0.32 (0.15, 0.66; p = .002), and in the propensity-matched cohorts, OR 0.38 (0.16, 0.91; p = .030). Metformin was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in hospital admission for COVID-19 in the overall cohort, OR 0.78 (0.58-1.04, p = .087). Among the subgroup with a hemoglobin HbA1c available (n = 1193), the adjusted odds of hospitalization (including adjustment for HbA1c) for metformin users was OR 0.75 (0.53-1.06, p = .105). Outpatient metformin use was associated with lower mortality and a trend towards decreased admission for COVID-19. Given metformin's low cost, established safety, and the mounting evidence of reduced severity of COVID-19 disease, metformin should be prospectively assessed for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--therapy, Metformin--therapeutic use, Overweight, Obesity
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)--Treatment, Metformin, Overweight persons
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Middle West
- Creator:
- Bramante, Carolyn T., Buse, John, Tamaritz, Leonardo, Palacio, Ana, Cohen, Ken, Vojta, Deneen, Liebovitz, David M, Mitchell, Nia, Nicklas, Jacinda, Lingvay, Ildiko, Clark, Jeanne M., Aronne, Louis J., Usher, Michael, Demmer, Ryan, Melton, Genevieve B., Ingraham, Nicholas, Tignanelli, Christopher J., Anderson, Erik William
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33580540
- Title:
- Current Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular Disease: A White Paper by the JAHA Editors
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Gupta AK, Jneid H, Addison D, Ardehali H, Boehme AK, Borgaonkar S, Boulestreau R, Clerkin K, Delarche N, DeVon HA, Grumbach IM, Gutierrez J, Jones DA, Kapil V, Maniero C, Mentias A, Miller PS, Ng SM, Parekh JD, Sanchez RH, Sawicki KT, te Riele A, Remme CA, London B. Current Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular Disease: A White Paper by the JAHA Editors. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(12):23.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 3.0 million people worldwide and killed more than 200,000 as of April 27, 2020. In this White Paper, we address the cardiovascular co-morbidities of COVID-19 infection; the diagnosis and treatment of standard cardiovascular conditions during the pandemic; and the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection. In addition, we will also address various issues related to the safety of healthcare workers and the ethical issues related to patient care in this pandemic.
- Keyword:
- cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, management, SARS-CoV-2, treatment
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--complications, Cardiovascular Diseases
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Cardiovascular system--Diseases
- Creator:
- Gupta, Ajay K., Jneid, Hani, Addison, Daniel, Ardehali, Hossein, Boehme, Amelia K., Borgaonkar, Sanket, Boulestreau, Romain, Clerkin, Kevin, Delarche, Nicolas, DeVon, Holli A., Grumbach, Isabella M., Gutierrez, Jose, Jones, Daniel A., Kapil, Vikas, Maniero, Carmela, Mentias, Amgad, Miller, Pamela S., Ng, Sher May, Parekh, Jai D., Sanchez, Reynaldo H., Sawicki, Konrad Teodor, te Riele, Anneline S. J. M., Remme, Carol Ann, London, Barry
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-06-16
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32347144
- Title:
- Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID-19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Farr E, Wolfe AR, Deshmukh S, Rydberg L, Soriano R, Walter JM, Boon AJ, Wolfe LF, Franz CK. Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID-19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2021;8(8):1745-1749.
- Abstract:
- Many survivors from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from persistent dyspnea and fatigue long after resolution of the active infection. In a cohort of 21 consecutive severe post-COVID-19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital, 16 (76%) of them had at least one sonographic abnormality of diaphragm muscle structure or function. This corresponded to a significant reduction in diaphragm muscle contractility as represented by thickening ratio (muscle thickness at maximal inspiration/end-expiration) for the post-COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 cohorts. These findings may shed new light on neuromuscular respiratory dysfunction as a contributor to prolonged functional impairments after hospitalization for post-COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--complications, Diaphragm--physiopathology, Diaphragm--diagnostic imaging
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)--Complications, Diaphragm
- Creator:
- Farr, Ellen Marie, Wolfe, Alexis R., Deshmukh, Swati, Rydberg, Leslie Katherine, Soriano, Rachna, Walter, James McCauley, Boon, Andrea J., Wolfe, Lisa F, Franz, Colin K
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34247452
- Title:
- Effects of Web-Based Group Mindfulness Training on Stress and Sleep Quality in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Equivalence Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Lim JL, Leow Z, Ong JS, Pang LS, Lim E. Effects of Web-Based Group Mindfulness Training on Stress and Sleep Quality in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Equivalence Analysis. Jmir Mental Health. 2021;8(3):11.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted psychological health. Mindfulness training, which helps individuals attend to the present moment with a nonjudgmental attitude, improves sleep and reduces stress during regular times. Mindfulness training may also be relevant to the mitigation of harmful health consequences during acute crises. However, certain restrictions may necessitate the web-based delivery of mindfulness training (ie, rather than in-person group training settings). Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the effects of mindfulness interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based interventions. Methods: Data from an ongoing study were used for this retrospective equivalence analysis. Recruited participants were enrollees from mindfulness courses at a local charity organization that promoted mental wellness. This study had no exclusion criteria. We created three groups; two groups received their training during the COVID-19 pandemic (in-person training group: n=36; videoconferencing group: n=38), and a second control group included participants who were trained before the pandemic (n=86). Our primary outcomes were self-reported stress and sleep quality. Baseline levels and changes in these variables due to mindfulness training were compared among the groups via an analysis of covariance test and two one-tailed t tests. Results: Baseline perceived stress (P=.50) and sleep quality (P=.22) did not differ significantly among the three groups. Mindfulness training significantly reduced stress in all three groups (P<.001), and this effect was statistically significant when comparing videoconferencing to in-person training (P=.002). Sleep quality improved significantly in the prepandemic training group (P<.001). However, sleep quality did not improve in the groups that received training during the pandemic. Participants reported that they required shorter times to initiate sleep following prepandemic mindfulness training (P<.001), but this was not true for those who received training during the pandemic. Course attendance was high and equivalent across the videoconferencing and comparison groups (P=.02), and participants in the videoconferencing group engaged in marginally more daily practice than the in-person training group. Conclusions: Web-based mindfulness training via videoconferencing may be a useful intervention for reducing stress during times when traditional, in-person training is not feasible. However, it may not be useful for improving sleep quality.
- Keyword:
- mindfulness, COVID-19, videoconference, perceived stress, sleep quality, intervention, telehealth, mental health, psychology, equivalence trial
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--psychology, Mindfulness, Psychological Distress, Sleep Quality, Telemedicine
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, Mindfulness (Psychology)
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Singapore
- Creator:
- Lim, Julian, Leow, Zaven, Ong, Jason C, Pang, Ly-Shan, Lim, Eric
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33482627
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFN-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Geng H, Subramanian S, Wu LT, Bu HF, Wang X, Du C, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFN gamma-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:11.
- Abstract:
- Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a disease that involves significant lung tissue damage. How SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lung injury remains elusive. The open reading frame 8 (ORF8) protein of SARS-CoV-2 (ORF8(SARS-CoV-2)) is a unique accessory protein, yet little is known about its cellular function. We examined the cellular distribution of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) and its role in the regulation of human lung epithelial cell proliferation and antiviral immunity. Using live imaging and immunofluorescent staining analyses, we found that ectopically expressed ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) forms aggregates in the cytosol and nuclear compartments of lung epithelial cells. Using in silico bioinformatic analysis, we found that ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) possesses an intrinsic aggregation characteristic at its N-terminal residues 1-18. Cell culture did not reveal any effects of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) expression on lung epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, suggesting that ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) aggregates do not affect these cellular processes. Interestingly, ectopic expression of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) in lung epithelial cells suppressed basal expression of several antiviral molecules, including DHX58, ZBP1, MX1, and MX2. In addition, expression of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) attenuated the induction of antiviral molecules by IFN gamma but not by IFN beta in lung epithelial cells. Taken together, ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) is a unique viral accessory protein that forms aggregates when expressing in lung epithelial cells. It potently inhibits the expression of lung cellular anti-viral proteins at baseline and in response to IFN gamma in lung epithelial cells, which may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 escape from the host antiviral innate immune response during early viral infection. In addition, it seems that formation of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) aggregate is independent from the viral infection. Thus, it would be interesting to examine whether any COVID-19 patients exhibit persistent ORF8 SARS-CoV-2 expression after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. If so, the pathogenic effect of prolonged ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) expression and its association with post-COVID symptoms warrant investigation in the future.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein, ORF8, lung epithelial cells, interferon signaling, inflammation, ORF8 protein, SARS-CoV-2--cytology
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Epithelial Cells--pathology
- Subject: LCSH:
- Viral proteins--Cytology, Epithelial cells
- Creator:
- Geng, Hua, Subramanian, Saravanan, Wu, Longtao, Bu, Heng-Fu, Wang, Xiao, Duan, Chao, De Plaen, Isabelle G., Tan, Xiao-Di
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34177923
- Title:
- Pandemic Pressure: Teledermatology and Health Care Disparities
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Rustad AM, Lio PA. Pandemic Pressure: Teledermatology and Health Care Disparities. Journal of Patient Experience. 2021; 8:5.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, telemedicine, telehealth, patient engagement, access to care
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Telemedicine, Patient Participation, Health Services Accessibility
- Creator:
- Rustad, Andrea Mary, Lio, Peter A
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34179385
- Title:
- Guardians at the Gate: Early Adversity, Neurocognitive Development, and the Role of the Pediatrician in the Era of COVID-19
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Berken JA, Heard-Garris N, Wakschlag LS. Guardians at the Gate: Early Adversity, Neurocognitive Development, and the Role of the Pediatrician in the Era of COVID-19. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:6.
- Abstract:
- Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) profoundly impact neurocognitive development. Specifically, when these events occur during critical periods of brain plasticity, a time of significant synaptogenesis, neural pruning, and myelination, typical neurodevelopment can become derailed. Adverse childhood experiences promote morphological changes in neuronal microcircuitry which may lead to diminished cognitive flexibility, inattention, increased impulsivity, decreased school readiness, and disruptive behaviors. In this regard, the current COVID-19 pandemic represents an especially complex adverse experience that disturbs a child's social milieu and support network, likely interfering with brain maturation and executive function. Here, we take a neurodevelopmental approach to argue for the critical role that pediatricians must fulfill in mitigating the potentially detrimental consequences of COVID-19. We call for ACE screening and anticipatory guidance in the primary care setting, and the use of validated interventions and skills to bolster resilience, when ACEs are identified. We present a clinical workflow for the physician to proactively assess, identify, stratify, and address the severity of ACEs worsened by COVID-19. We discuss home-based activities and resources for children and adolescents to promote stress reduction, connectiveness, and self-awareness and create a more positive environment to maximize neurodevelopmental potential in the face of the ongoing pandemic.
- Keyword:
- adverse child experiences, brain development, toxic stress, COVID-19, neurocognition
- Subject: MESH:
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, COVID-19, Child Development, Stress, Psychological
- Creator:
- Berken, Jonathan Andrew, Heard-Garris, Nia Jenee, Wakschlag, Lauren S
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-14
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33937157
- Title:
- Anticoagulation practice patterns in COVID-19: A global survey
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Rosovsky RP, Sanfilippo KM, Wang TF, Rajan SK, Shah S, Martin KA, Ainle FN, Huisman M, Hunt BJ, Kahn SR, Kevane B, Lee AYY, McLintock C, Kreuziger LB. Anticoagulation practice patterns in COVID-19: A global survey. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;4(6):969-983.
- Abstract:
- Background Best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown due to limited published data in this population. Objectives We aimed to assess current global practice and experience in management of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy to identify information to guide prospective and randomized studies. Methods Physicians were queried about their current approach to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID-19 using an online survey tool distributed through multiple international organizations between April 10 and 14, 2020. Results Five hundred fifteen physicians from 41 countries responded. The majority of respondents (78%) recommended prophylactic anticoagulation for all hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with most recommending use of low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. Significant practice variation was found regarding the need for dose escalation of anticoagulation outside the setting of confirmed or suspected VTE. Respondents reported the use of bedside testing when unable to perform standard diagnostic imaging for diagnosis of VTE. Two hundred ninety-one respondents reported observing thrombotic complications in their patients, with 64% noting that the complication was pulmonary embolism. Of the 44% of respondents who estimated incidence of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 in their hospital, estimates ranged widely from 1% to 50%. One hundred seventy-four respondents noted bleeding complications (34% minor bleeding, 14% clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and 12% major bleeding). Conclusion Well-designed epidemiologic studies are urgently needed to understand the incidence and risk factors of VTE and bleeding complications in patients with COVID-19. Randomized clinical trials addressing use of anticoagulation are also needed.
- Keyword:
- anticoagulants, bleeding, blood coagulation, COVID-19, venous thromboembolism
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Anticoagulants, Blood Coagulation, Venous Thromboembolism, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Blood--Coagulation, Thromboembolism
- Creator:
- Rosovsky, Rachel, Sanfilippo, Kristen M., Wang, Tzu Fei, Rajan, Sandeep K., Shah, Surbhi, Martin, Karlyn A, Ni Ainle, Fionnuala, Huisman, Menno, Hunt, Beverley J., Kahn, Susan R., Kevane, Barry, Lee, Agnes Y. Y., McLintock, Claire, Kreuziger, Lisa Baumann
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32838111
- Title:
- The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Ye JC. The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jmir Medical Informatics. 2020;8(7):8.
- Abstract:
- At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak telethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful weapons to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.
- Keyword:
- health technology, health information system, COVID-19, artificial intelligence, telemedicine, big data, privacy, internet of things
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things, Biomedical Technology, Health Information Systems
- Creator:
- Ye, Jiancheng
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32568725
- Title:
- Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Jin H, Zhao ZG, Lan Q, Zhou HT, Mai ZS, Wang Y, Ding XW, Zhang WT, Pi J, Evans CE, Liu XG. Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;11:10.
- Abstract:
- The cytokine storm or cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is associated with high mortality in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), for example following sepsis or infectious diseases including COVID-19. However, there are no effective treatments for CSS-associated ALI or ALI/ARDS. Thus, there remains an urgent need to develop effective drugs and therapeutic strategies against CSS and ALI/ARDS. Nasal and inhaled drug delivery methods represent a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory lung disease as a result of their ability to improve drug delivery to lungs. Improving the nasal mucosa absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs with poor mucosa bioavailability to a therapeutically effective level is another promising strategy in the fight against ALI/ARDS. Here, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with hesperidin (HPD/NPs) were developed for nasal delivery of the anti-inflammatory HPD compound to inflammatory lungs. In vitro and in vivo, HPD/NPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake in the inflammatory microenvironment compared with free HPD. In a mouse model of inflammatory lung disease, the HPD/NPs markedly inhibited lung injury as evidenced by reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and suppressed vascular permeability compared with free HPD. Collectively, our study demonstrates that nasal delivery of HPD/NPs suppresses CSS and ALI/ARDS in a murine model of inflammatory lung disease, and that nanoparticle-based treatment strategies with anti-inflammatory effects could be used to reduce CSS and ALI in patients with inflammatory lung injury.
- Keyword:
- cytokine storm syndrome, hesperidin, chitosan nanoparticle, lung inflammation, nasal drug delivery
- Subject: MESH:
- Hesperidin, Chitosan, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Acute Lung Injury, Administration, Intranasal
- Creator:
- Jin, Hua, Zhao, Zuguo, Lan, Qian, Zhou, Haotong, Mai, Zesen, Wang, Yuan, Ding, Xiaowen, Zhang, Wenting, Pi, Jiang, Evans, Colin Edward, Liu, Xinguang
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-27
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33584267
- Title:
- Attributes of Persona Profiles for the Network of the National Library of Medicine
- Description:
- This interactive poster created for the Medical Library Association annual meeting, 2022 shows two examples persona profiles of users of the services of the Network of the National Library of Medicine. Through this poster the authors will collect feedback on the attributes (highlighted) outlining the characteristics of the user personas, to see if these attributes are relevant or whether they should be updated.
- Keyword:
- Personas, Network of the National Library of Medicine
- Subject: MESH:
- User-Centered Design
- Creator:
- Gonzales, Sara, Asikin-Garmager, Asih, Bramble, John, Dietz-Castel, Miles, Holmes, Kristi, Kilham, Jessica, Knapp, Molly, Newman, Bobbi, Nguyen, Tony, Ossom-Williamson, Peace, Pierce-Farrier, Katie, Shin, Nancy, Van Der Volgen, Jessi
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Poster
- Title:
- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: COVID-19 hasn't made the challenge go away
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Waterer G, Pickens CI, Wunderink R. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: COVID-19 hasn't made the challenge go away. Respirology. 2021;26(11):1024-1026.
- Keyword:
- antibiotics, antimicrobial stewardship, bacteria, pneumonia, resistance, end of life, care
- Subject: MESH:
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Pneumonia, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Terminal Care
- Subject: LCSH:
- Antibiotics, Pneumonia, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Terminal care
- Creator:
- Waterer, Grant W, Pickens, Chiagozie Ifeoma, Wunderink, Richard G
- Publisher:
- John Wiley & Sons
- Page Number:
- 3
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-10-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Editorial
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34596927
- Title:
- Changes in Primary Care Visits in the 24 Weeks After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Relative to the Comparable Time Period in 2019 in Metropolitan Chicago and Northern Illinois
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Macy ML, Huetteman P, Kan K. Changes in Primary Care Visits in the 24 Weeks After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Relative to the Comparable Time Period in 2019 in Metropolitan Chicago and Northern Illinois. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health. 2020;11:7.
- Abstract:
- Objective: In this brief report, we characterize pediatric primary care service utilization in metropolitan Chicago over the first 24 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic response in relation to the comparable time period in 2019. Methods: We examined retrospective visit and billing data, regardless of payer, from 16 independent pediatric practices that utilize a common electronic medical record platform within an Accountable Care Organization of 252 pediatricians in 71 offices throughout metropolitan Chicago. We categorized visits as Well-Child and Immunization-Only (WC-IO) or Other types and identified visits with a telemedicine billing modifier. Diagnoses for Other visits were tallied and categorized using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Classification System. We summarized counts of visits and the proportion of visits with a telemedicine billing modifier in one-week epochs for 2020 compared with 2019. Results: There were 102 942 total visits (72 030 WC-IO; 30 912 Other) in 2020 and 144 672 visits (80 578 WC-IO; 64 094 Other) in 2019. WC-IO visits in 2020 were half of 2019 visits at the start of the Illinois Stay-at-Home Order and returned greater than 90% of 2019 visits in 8 weeks. Other visit types have remained below 70% of 2019 visits. A telemedicine billing modifier peaked in mid-April (21% of all visits) and declined to <10% of all visits in June (Phase 2 reopening). The top 10 most common diagnoses differed between years. Conclusions: Recovery of well child and immunization visits suggests that practice-level efforts and policy change can ensure children receive recommended care as the pandemic evolves.
- Keyword:
- pediatric, primary care, utilization, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- Pediatrics, COVID-19, Utilization Review, Primary Health Care
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago, Illinois--Northern
- Creator:
- Macy, Michelle Lea, Huetteman, Patricia, Kan, Kristin
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33174495
- Title:
- Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Weiner JA, Swiatek PR, Johnson DJ, Louie PK, Harada GK, McCarthy MH, Germscheid N, Cheung JPY, Neva MH, El-Sharkawi M, Valacco M, Sciubba DM, Chutkan NB, An HS, Samartzis D. Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact. Global Spine Journal. 2022;12(2):249-262.
- Abstract:
- Study Design: Cross-sectional observational cohort study. Objective: To investigate preparation, response, and economic impact of COVID-19 on private, public, academic, and privademic spine surgeons. Methods: AO Spine COVID-19 and Spine Surgeon Global Impact Survey includes domains on surgeon demographics, location of practice, type of practice, COVID-19 perceptions, institutional preparedness and response, personal and practice impact, and future perceptions. The survey was distributed by AO Spine via email to members (n = 3805). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify differences between practice settings. Results: A total of 902 surgeons completed the survey. In all, 45.4% of respondents worked in an academic setting, 22.9% in privademics, 16.1% in private practice, and 15.6% in public hospitals. Academic practice setting was independently associated with performing elective and emergent spine surgeries at the time of survey distribution. A majority of surgeons reported a >75% decrease in case volume. Private practice and privademic surgeons reported losing income at a higher rate compared with academic or public surgeons. Practice setting was associated with personal protective equipment availability and economic issues as a source of stress. Conclusions: The current study indicates that practice setting affected both preparedness and response to COVID-19. Surgeons in private and privademic practices reported increased worry about the economic implications of the current crisis compared with surgeons in academic and public hospitals. COVID-19 decreased overall clinical productivity, revenue, and income. Government response to the current pandemic and preparation for future pandemics needs to be adaptable to surgeons in all practice settings.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, spine, surgeons, private practice, global impact
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Spine, Surgeons, Private Practice, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Creator:
- Weiner, Joseph Arnold, Swiatek, Peter Raymond, Johnson, Daniel James, Louie, Philip K., Harada, Garrett K., McCarthy, Michael H., Germscheid, Niccole, Cheung, Jason P. Y., Neva, Marko H., El-Sharkawi, Mohammad, Valacco, Marcelo, Sciubba, Daniel M., Chutkan, Norman B., An, Howard S., Samartzis, Dino
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-08-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32762354
- Title:
- A Perspective on Emerging Therapeutic Interventions for COVID-19
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Torequl Islam M, Nasiruddin M, Khan IN, Mishra SK, Kudrat-E-Zahan M, Alam Riaz T, Ali ES, Rahman MS, Mubarak MS, Martorell M, Cho WC, Calina D, Docea AO and Sharifi-Rad J (2020) A Perspective on Emerging Therapeutic Interventions for COVID-19. Front. Public Health 8:281. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00281
- Abstract:
- Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses with an unusual large RNA genome and a unique replication mechanism, which are characterized by club-like spikes that protrude from their surface. An outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 infection has posed significant threat to the health and economies in the whole world. This article reviewed the viral replication, pathogenicity, prevention and treatment strategies. With a lack of approved treatment options for this virus, alternative approaches to control the spread of disease is in urgent need. This article also covers some management strategies which may be applied to this virus outbreak. Ongoing clinical studies related to possible treatments for COVID-19, potential vaccines, and alternative medication such as natural compounds are also discussed.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, public health, control, therapeutics
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Therapeutics, COVID-19, Public Health
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Therapeutics
- Creator:
- Torequl Islam, Muhammad, Nasiruddin, Md., Khan, Ishaq N., Mishra, Siddhartha Kumar, Kudrat-E-Zahan, Md., Alam Riaz, Thoufiqul, Ali, Eunus S., Rahman, M. Safiur, Mubarak, Mohammad S., Martorell, Miquel, Cho, William C., Calina, Daniela, Docea, Anca Oana, Sharifi-Rad, Javad
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32733837
- Title:
- Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Swords C, Bergman L, Wilson-Jeffers R, Randall D, Morris LL, Brenner MJ, Arora A. Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community. Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology. 2021;130(3):262-272.
- Abstract:
- Objectives: To report experience with a global multidisciplinary tracheostomy e-learning initiative Methods: An international multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to build a virtual learning community for tracheostomy care, comprising a web-based platform, five distance learning (interactive webinar) sessions, and professional discourse over 12 months. Structured pre- and post-webinar surveys were disseminated to global participants including otolaryngologists, intensivists, nurses, allied health professionals, and patients/caregivers. Data were collected on audio-visual fidelity, demographics, and pre- and post-tutorial assessments regarding experience and skill acquisition. Participants reported confidence levels for NICU, pediatric, adult, and family care, as well as technical skills, communication, learning, assessment, and subdomains. Results: Participants from 197 institutions in 22 countries engaged in the virtual education platform, including otolaryngologists, speech pathologists, respiratory therapists, specialist nurses, patients, and caregivers. Significant improvements were reported in communication (P < .0001), clinical assessments (P < .0001), and clinical governance (P < .0001), with positive impact on pediatric decannulation (P = .0008), adult decannulation (P = .04), and quality improvement (P < .0001). Respondents reported enhanced readiness to integrate knowledge into practice. Barriers included time zones, internet bandwidth, and perceived difficulty of direct clinical translation of highly technical skills. Participants rated the implementation highly in terms of length, ability for discussion, satisfaction, applicability to professional practice, and expertise of discussants (median scores: 4, 4, 4, 4 and 5 out of 5). Conclusions: Virtual learning has dominated the education landscape during COVID-19 pandemic, but few data are available on its effectiveness. This study demonstrated feasibility of virtual learning for disseminating best practices in tracheostomy, engaging a diverse, multidisciplinary audience. Learning of complex technical skills proved a hurdle, however, suggesting need for hands-on experience for technical mastery. While interactive videoconferencing via webinar affords an engaging and scalable strategy for sharing knowledge, further investigation is needed on clinical outcomes to define effective strategies for experiential online learning and virtual in-service simulations.
- Keyword:
- e-Learning, medical education, tracheostomy, patient safety, quality improvement, distance learning, webinar
- Subject: MESH:
- Education, Medical, Tracheostomy, Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, Education, Distance
- Creator:
- Swords, Chloe, Bergman, Lina, Wilson-Jeffers, Rachel, Randall, Diane, Morris, Linda L, Brenner, Michael J., Arora, Asit
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32680435
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3, S1 - DESeq Results MvAL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3, S1 - DESeq Results MvL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3, S1 - DESeq Results LvAL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3ab, S1 - GSEA Results MvL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3ab, S1 - GSEA Results LvAL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 2b - Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- O'Conor R, Opsasnick L, Pack A, Benavente JY, Curtis LM, Lovett RM, Luu H, Wismer G, Kwasny MJ, Federman AD, Bailey SC, Wolf MS. Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health. 2021;12:7.
- Abstract:
- Objectives: Physical distancing precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic may challenge the provision of tangible support many middle age and older adults receive in managing their health. We examined the association between unmet tangible support needs and self-management behaviors and mental health status during the stay-at-home orders in Chicago and New York. Methods: We used data from the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions study collected between May 1st and May 22nd, 2020. A total of 801 middle age and older adults with >= 1 chronic condition in Chicago and New York City completed the telephone interview. Adequacy of tangible social support was measured using a brief, validated scale that determined whether an individual needed assistance managing his or her health, and if yes, whether this need was met. Participants reported their level of difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors using 2 discrete items; they also self-reported medication adherence using the ASK-I2 medication adherence scale. Mental health status was measured using the depression and anxiety PROMIS short-form instruments. Results: Participants' mean age was 63 years; 30% identified as Black, 26% identified as Latino, and 12% identified unmet support needs. Inadequacy of tangible support was associated with greater difficulty managing one's health and accessing medications due to COVID-19, as well as poorer medication adherence, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer overall well-being (P's <.05). Conclusions: Perceived unmet support needs during stay-at-home orders were associated with greater difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors and poorer overall well-being. Two brief items quickly identified individuals with unmet support needs.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, social support, tangible assistance
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Social Support
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago, New York (State)--New York
- Creator:
- O'Conor, Rachel, Opsasnick, Lauren, Pack, Allison Prickett, Curtis, Laura Marie, Lovett, Rebecca Mullen, Luu, Han Quoc, Wismer, Guisselle Andrea, Kwasny, Mary Jeanne, Federman, Alex D., Bailey, Stacy Cooper, Wolf, Michael, Yoshino Benavente, Julia Noelani
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34109874
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1d - Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1e - Boolean gating data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1b - MSD Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1a - Blot Quantification Data
- Keyword:
- immunology, mTOR
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
143. Staying Ahead of the Future: Developing Your Library's Collection Philosophy and Policy (handout)
- Title:
- Staying Ahead of the Future: Developing Your Library's Collection Philosophy and Policy (handout)
- Description:
- Handout prepared for use in an on-site Medical Library Association session held May 5, 2022 in New Orleans, LA. The session, planned and convened by the handout authors, was one in a series of six that were part of: "The Big-Not-So-Easy: 21st Century Health Sciences Collection Development & Resource Sharing Symposium". This session included on-site speaker, Montie' L. Dobbins and recorded film clips by: Karen H. Gau, Karen Hanus, and Susan K. Kendall. Highlights from participant discussions were summarized in the handout update after the session.
- Keyword:
- collection development policies, collection development philosophies
- Subject: MESH:
- Libraries, Medical, Libraries, Hospital, Library Collection Development
- Subject: LCSH:
- Collection development (Libraries)--Policy statements
- Creator:
- Kubilius, Ramune K., Lawrence, Janna C.
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Location:
- New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-04-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Bibliography
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Commun Biol Source Data
- Description:
- Source data uploaded for the work in press at time of upload: "mTOR regulation of metabolism limits LPS-induced monocyte inflammatory and procoagulant responses."
- Abstract:
- Translocated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates monocytes via TLR4 and is hypothesized to increase cardiovascular disease risk in persons living with HIV. We tested whether mTOR activity supports LPS-stimulated monocyte production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor (TF), as it propels the inflammatory response in several immune cell types besides monocytes. However, multi-omics analyses here demonstrate that mTOR activates a metabolic pathway that limits abundance of these gene products in monocytes. Treatment of primary human monocytes with catalytic mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) increased LPS-induced polyfunctional responses, including production of IL-1, IL-6 and the pro-coagulant, TF. NF-B-driven transcriptional activity is enhanced with LPS stimulation after mTORi treatment to increase expression of F3 (TF). Moreover, intracellular NAD+ availability is restricted due to decreased salvage pathway synthesis. These results document mTOR-mediated restraint of the LPS-induced transcriptional response in monocytes and a metabolic mechanism informing strategies to reverse enhanced risk of coagulopathy in pro-inflammatory states.
- Keyword:
- metabolism, monocytes, immunology
- Subject: MESH:
- Metabolism, Monocytes, Allergy and Immunology, MTOR Inhibitors
- Contributor:
- D'Aquila, Richard Thomas, Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Title:
- Expanding Access to COVID-19 Tests through US Postal Service Facilities
- Abstract:
- Widespread, convenient access to COVID-19 testing has been challenging in the United States. We make a case for provisioning COVID-19 tests through the United States Postal Service (USPS) facilities and demonstrate a simple method for selecting locations to improve access. We provide quantitative evidence that even a subset of USPS facilities could provide broad access, particularly in remote and at-risk communities with limited access to health care. Based on daily travel surveys, census data, locations of USPS facilities, and an established care-seeking model, we estimate that more than 94% of the US population would be willing to travel to an existing USPS facility if warranted. For half of the US population, this would require traveling less than 2.5 miles from home; for 90%, the distance would be less than 7 miles. In Georgia, Illinois, and Minnesota, we estimate that testing at USPS facilities would provide access to an additional 4.1, 3.1, and 1.3 million people and reduce the median travel distance by 3.0, 0.8, and 1.2 miles, respectively, compared with existing testing sites per 28 July 2020. We also discuss the option of distributing test-at-home kits via USPS instead of private carriers. Finally, our proposal provides USPS an opportunity to increase revenues and expand its mission, thus improving its future prospects and relevance., Singh B, Risanger S, Morton D, Pignone M, Meyers LA. Expanding Access to COVID-19 Tests through US Postal Service Facilities. Medical Decision Making. 2021;41(1):3-8.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, optimization , testing, underserved populations , USPS
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Testing, Medically Underserved Area, Postal Service
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Singh, Bismark, Risanger, Simon, Morton, David, Pignone, Michael, Meyers, Lauren Ancel
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33124494
- Title:
- Acral Changes in pediatric patients during COVID 19 pandemic: Registry report from the COVID 19 response task force of the society of pediatric dermatology (SPD) and pediatric dermatology research alliance (PeDRA)
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Castelo-Soccio L, Lara-Corrales I, Paller AS, Bean E, Rangu S, Oboite M, Flohr C, Ahmad RC, Calberg V, Gilliam A, Pope E, Reynolds S, Sibbald C, Shin HT, Berger E, Schaffer J, Siegel MP, Cordoro KM. Acral Changes in pediatric patients during COVID 19 pandemic: Registry report from the COVID 19 response task force of the society of pediatric dermatology (SPD) and pediatric dermatology research alliance (PeDRA). Pediatric Dermatology. 2021;38(2):364-370.
- Abstract:
- Background/Objective In spring 2020, high numbers of children presented with acral pernio-like skin rashes, concurrent with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding their clinical characteristics/ infection status may provide prognostic information and facilitate decisions about management. Methods A pediatric-specific dermatology registry was created by the Pediatric Dermatology COVID-19 Response Task Force of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) and Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and was managed by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia using REDCap. Results Data from 378 children 0-18 years entered into the registry between April 13 and July 17, 2020 were analyzed. Data were drawn from a standardized questionnaire completed by clinicians which asked for demographics, description of acral lesions, symptoms before and after acral changes, COVID-19 positive contacts, treatment, duration of skin changes, laboratory testing including SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antibody testing, as well as histopathology. 229 (60.6%) were male with mean age of 13.0 years (+/- 3.6 years). Six (1.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Pedal lesions (often with pruritus and/or pain) were present in 96%. 30% (114/378) had COVID-19 symptoms during the 30 days prior to presentation. Most (69%) had no other symptoms and an uneventful course with complete recovery. Conclusions and Relevance Children with acral pernio-like changes were healthy and all recovered with no short-term sequelae. We believe these acral changes are not just a temporal epiphenomenon of shelter in place during the spring months of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and may be a late phase reaction that needs further study.
- Keyword:
- exanthems, skin signs of systemic disease, viral infection, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- Exanthema, SARS-CoV-2, Pediatrics, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Pediatrics, Skin--Inflammation
- Creator:
- Castelo-Soccio, Leslie, Lara-Corrales, Irene, Paller, Amy, Bean, Eric, Rangu, Sneha, Oboite, Michelle, Flohr, Carsten, Ahmad, Regina-Celeste, Calberg, Valerie, Gilliam, Amy, Pope, Elena, Reynolds, Sean D., Sibbald, Cathryn, Shin, Helen T., Berger, Emily, Schaffer, Julie V., Siegel, Michael, Cordoro, Kelly M.
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33742457
- Title:
- COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: A statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Turner PJ, Ansotegui IJ, Campbell DE, Cardona V, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal Y, Fineman S, Geller M, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Greenberger PA, Leung ASY, Levin ME, Muraro A, Borges MS, Senna G, Tanno LK, Thong BYH, Worm M, Comm WAOA. COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: A statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2021;14(2):10.
- Abstract:
- Vaccines against COVID-19 (and its emerging variants) are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Vaccines often cause adverse events; however, the vast majority of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are a consequence of the vaccine stimulating a protective immune response, and not allergic in etiology. Anaphylaxis as an AEFI is uncommon, occurring at a rate of less than 1 per million doses for most vaccines. However, within the first days of initiating mass vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2, there were reports of anaphylaxis from the United Kingdom and United States. More recent data imply an incidence of anaphylaxis closer to 1:200,000 doses with respect to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. In this position paper, we discuss the background to reactions to the current COVID-19 vaccines and relevant steps to mitigate against the risk of anaphylaxis as an AEFI. We propose a global surveillance strategy led by allergists in order to understand the potential risk and generate data to inform evidence-based guidance, and thus provide reassurance to public health bodies and members of the public.
- Keyword:
- Adverse event following immunization, Anaphylaxis, COVID-19, Polyethylene glycol, Vaccine
- Subject: MESH:
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Anaphylaxis, COVID-19 Vaccines, Polyethylene Glycols
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Great Britain, United States
- Subject: Name:
- World Allergy Organization
- Creator:
- Turner, Paul J., Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Campbell, Dianne E., Cardona, Victoria, Ebisawa, Motohiro, El-Gamal, Yehia, Fineman, Stanley, Geller, Mario, Gonzalez-Estrada, Alexei, Greenberger, Paul Allen, Leung, Agnes S. Y., Levin, Michael E., Muraro, Antonella, Borges, Mario Sanchez, Senna, Gianenrico, Tanno, Luciana K., Thong, Bernard Yu-Hor, Worm, Margitta, WAO Anaphylaxis Committee
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33558825
- Title:
- Gender-specificity of resilience in major depressive disorder
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Perlis RH, Ognyanova K, Quintana A, Green J, Santillana M, Lin JN, Druckman J, Lazer D, Simonson MD, Baum MA, Chwe HY. Gender-specificity of resilience in major depressive disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 2021;38(10):1026-1033.
- Abstract:
- Introduction The major stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic provide an opportunity to understand the extent to which protective factors against depression may exhibit gender-specificity. Method This study examined responses from multiple waves of a 50 states non-probability internet survey conducted between May 2020 and January 2021. Participants completed the PHQ-9 as a measure of depression, as well as items characterizing social supports. We used logistic regression models with population reweighting to examine association between absence of even mild depressive symptoms and sociodemographic features and social supports, with interaction terms and stratification used to investigate sex-specificity. Results Among 73,917 survey respondents, 31,199 (42.2%) reported absence of mild or greater depression-11,011/23,682 males (46.5%) and 20,188/50,235 (40.2%) females. In a regression model, features associated with greater likelihood of depression-resistance included at least weekly attendance of religious services (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.16) and greater trust in others (OR: 1.04 for a 2-unit increase, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06), along with level of social support measured as number of social ties available who could provide care (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07), talk to them (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.12), and help with employment (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08). The first two features showed significant interaction with gender (p < .0001), with markedly greater protective effects among women. Conclusion Aspects of social support are associated with diminished risk of major depressive symptoms, with greater effects of religious service attendance and trust in others observed among women than men.
- Keyword:
- depression, major depressive disorder , resilience , resilient , SARS-CoV2, survey
- Subject: MESH:
- Gender Identity, COVID-19, Depressive Disorder, Major, Depressive Disorder, Resilience, Psychological
- Creator:
- Perlis, Roy H., Ognyanova, Katherine, Quintana, Alexi, Green, Jon , Santillana, Mauricio, Lin, Jennifer, Druckman, James N, Lazer, David, Simonson, Matthew D., Baum, Matthew A., Chwe, Hanyu
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-08-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34370885
- Title:
- Dynamics of hidden brain states when people solve verbal puzzles
- Abstract:
- When people try to solve a problem, they go through distinct steps (encoding, ideation, evaluation, etc.) recurrently and spontaneously. To disentangle different cognitive processes that unfold throughout a trial, we applied an unsupervised machine learning method to electroencephalogram (EEG) data continuously recorded while 39 participants attempted 153 Compound Remote Associates problems (CRA). CRA problems are verbal puzzles that can be solved in either insight-leaning or analysis-leaning manner. We fitted a Hidden Markov Model to the time-frequency transformed EEG signals and decoded each trial as a time-resolved state sequence. The model characterizes hidden brain states with spectrally resolved power topography. Seven states were identified with distinct activation patterns in the theta (4-7Hz), alpha (8-9 Hz and 10-13 Hz), and gamma (25Hz 50Hz) bands. Notably, a state featuring widespread activation only in alpha-band frequency emerged, from this data-driven approach, which exhibited dynamic characteristics associated with specific temporal stages and outcomes (whether solved with insight or analysis) of the trials. The state dynamics derived from the model overlap and extend previous literature on the cognitive function of alpha oscillation: the alphastate probability peaks before stimulus onset and decreases before response. In trials solved with insight, relative to solved with analysis, the alpha-state is more likely to be visited and maintained during preparation and solving periods, and its probability declines more sharply immediately preceding a response. This novel paradigm provides a way to extract dynamic features that characterize problem-solving stages and nature of the underlying cognitive processes.
- Keyword:
- insight, creativity, problem-solving, hidden Markov model, EEG, dynamic modelling
- Subject: MESH:
- Electroencephalography, Problem Solving, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain--physiology
- Creator:
- Yu, Yuhua, Oh, Yongtaek, Kounios, John, Beeman, Mark
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Title:
- Peripartum iron deficiency anemia: A scoping review of evidence-based recommendations and practical modalities for implementation
- Keyword:
- anemia, pregnancy, guidelines
- Subject: MESH:
- Peripartum Period, Pregnancy Complications, Maternal Health Services, Prenatal Diagnosis, Anemia, Iron Deficiencies
- Creator:
- Toledo, Paloma, Banayan, Jennifer M, Miller, Emily Stinnett, Grobman, William A, Sweitzer, BobbieJean, Wafford, Q. Eileen
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-04-08
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Study Design