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- Title:
- Maturity Model Overview for AMIA Summit 2022
- Keyword:
- Maturity, Maturity models
- Subject: MESH:
- Strategic Planning
- Creator:
- Starren, Justin B
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-05-23
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Title:
- Local Informal Network Support and Shared Expertise: the 20-year experience of CAMA
- Description:
- Lightning talk presentation made during the virtual SLA Midwest Symposium on June 10, 2022 about CAMA (Chicago Area Medical Archivists), including milestones from its 20 year history. / Presentation also made on-site (with minor updates) during the Midwest/Medical Library Association meeting on October 24, 2022 under the alternate title: "20 Years of Local Informal Network Support and Shared Expertise: Chicago Area Medical Archivists (CAMA)".
- Abstract:
- The Illinois group, Chicago Area Medical Archivists (CAMA) is an informal group, based in the greater Chicagoland area, that was formed in 2002. As an informal network of colleagues, CAMA has provided support for both novice and experienced information professionals charged with organizing their institutions archives or answering internal and external medical history questions, often in addition to other duties. As an informal, open membership group of librarians, archivists, healthcare professionals, and others interested in Chicago area medical history, CAMA complements other professional membership organizations. Members work at various health and clinical specialty associations, academic medical centers, universities, hospitals, and are local historians as well as independent researchers. This presentation, updating and expanding on a poster first presented in 2019 at the Health Science Librarians of Illinois conference *, spotlighted some of the more measurable milestones of the group, such as its long-standing annual medical history symposia. Examples were shared of ways the loosely structured network has been able to persist and thrive over the years, in providing concrete information support and a venue for its members of varied backgrounds who have shared their skills, knowledge, and expertise. Participation of CAMA members in the Chicago Collections Consortium was also highlighted. Could CAMA be useful to special librarians and could its model work for other information groups? Perhaps this presentation will provide some ideas or inspiration.
- Keyword:
- networking, CAMA, Chicago Area Medical Archivists, Health sciences, SLA, Midwest Chapter/ Medical Library Association
- Subject: MESH:
- Libraries, Medical, History of Medicine, History of Nursing
- Subject: LCSH:
- Librarians, Archivists, Libraries, Archives
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago Metropolitan Area
- Creator:
- Kubilius, Ramune K., Keller Young, Megan
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-05-19
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in the Middle East and North Africa: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post L, Marogi E, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh L, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in the Middle East and North Africa: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(1):11.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of millions and forced countries to devise public health policies to reduce the pace of transmission. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), falling oil prices, disparities in wealth and public health infrastructure, and large refugee populations have significantly increased the disease burden of COVID-19. In light of these exacerbating factors, public health surveillance is particularly necessary to help leaders understand and implement effective disease control policies to reduce SARS-CoV-2 persistence and transmission. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics, in combination with traditional surveillance, for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence to better understand a country's risk for explosive growth and to better inform those who are managing the pandemic. Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 30 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in MENA as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel data model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: The regression Wald statistic was significant (chi(2)(5)=859.5, P<.001). The Sargan test was not significant, failing to reject the validity of overidentifying restrictions (chi(2)(294)=16, P=.99). Countries with the highest cumulative caseload of the novel coronavirus include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Israel with 530,380, 426,634, 342,202, and 303,109 cases, respectively. Many of the smaller countries in MENA have higher infection rates than those countries with the highest caseloads. Oman has 33.3 new infections per 100,000 population while Bahrain has 12.1, Libya has 14, and Lebanon has 14.6 per 100,000 people. In order of largest to smallest number of cumulative deaths since January 2020, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia have 30,375, 10,254, 6120, and 5185, respectively. Israel, Bahrain, Lebanon, and Oman had the highest rates of COVID-19 persistence, which is the number of new infections statistically related to new infections in the prior week. Bahrain had positive speed, acceleration, and jerk, signaling the potential for explosive growth. Conclusions: Static and dynamic public health surveillance metrics provide a more complete picture of pandemic progression across countries in MENA. Static measures capture data at a given point in time such as infection rates and death rates. By including speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence, public health officials may design policies with an eye to the future. Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Israel all demonstrated the highest rate of infections, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence, prompting public health leaders to increase prevention efforts.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, wave two, second wave, global COVID-19 surveillance, MENA public health surveillance, MENA COVID-19, Middle East and North Africa surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, MENA econometrics, MENA SARS-CoV-2, Middle East and North Africa COVID-19 surveillance system, MENA COVID-19 transmission speed, MENA COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, generalized method of moments, GMM, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Disease Transmission, Infectious , Health Policy, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Communicable diseases--Transmission, Medical policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Middle East, Africa, North
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Marogi, Emily Philip, Moss, Charles B., Murphy, Robert Leo, Ison, Michael G, Achenbach, Chad J, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33302252
- Title:
- A SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Sub-Saharan Africa: Modeling Study for Persistence and Transmission to Inform Policy
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post LA, Argaw ST, Jones C, Moss CB, Resnick D, Singh LN, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, White J, Issa TZ, Boctor MJ, Oehmke JF. A SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Sub-Saharan Africa: Modeling Study for Persistence and Transmission to Inform Policy. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(11):18.
- Abstract:
- Background: Since the novel coronavirus emerged in late 2019, the scientific and public health community around the world have sought to better understand, surveil, treat, and prevent the disease, COVID-19. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), many countries responded aggressively and decisively with lockdown measures and border closures. Such actions may have helped prevent large outbreaks throughout much of the region, though there is substantial variation in caseloads and mortality between nations. Additionally, the health system infrastructure remains a concern throughout much of SSA, and the lockdown measures threaten to increase poverty and food insecurity for the subcontinent's poorest residents. The lack of sufficient testing, asymptomatic infections, and poor reporting practices in many countries limit our understanding of the virus's impact, creating a need for better and more accurate surveillance metrics that account for under-reporting and data contamination. Objective: The goal of this study is to improve infectious disease surveillance by complementing standardized metrics with new and decomposable surveillance metrics of COVID-19 that overcome data limitations and contamination inherent in public health surveillance systems. In addition to prevalence of observed daily and cumulative testing, testing positivity rates, morbidity, and mortality, we derived COVID-19 transmission in terms of speed, acceleration or deceleration, change in acceleration or deceleration (jerk), and 7-day transmission rate persistence, which explains where and how rapidly COVID-19 is transmitting and quantifies shifts in the rate of acceleration or deceleration to inform policies to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 and food insecurity in SSA. Methods: We extracted 60 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries and employed an empirical difference equation to measure daily case numbers in 47 sub-Saharan countries as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa have the most observed cases of COVID-19, and the Seychelles, Eritrea, Mauritius, Comoros, and Burundi have the fewest. In contrast, the speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence indicate rates of COVID-19 transmissions differ from observed cases. In September 2020, Cape Verde, Namibia, Eswatini, and South Africa had the highest speed of COVID-19 transmissions at 13.1, 7.1, 3.6, and 3 infections per 100,0000, respectively; Zimbabwe had an acceleration rate of transmission, while Zambia had the largest rate of deceleration this week compared to last week, referred to as ajerk. Finally, the 7-day persistence rate indicates the number of cases on September 15, 2020, which are a function of new infections from September 8, 2020, decreased in South Africa from 216.7 to 173.2 and Ethiopia from 136.7 to 106.3 per 100,000. The statistical approach was validated based on the regression results; they determined recent changes in the pattern of infection, and during the weeks of September 1-8 and September 9-15, there were substantial country differences in the evolution of the SSA pandemic. This change represents a decrease in the transmission model R value for that week and is consistent with a de-escalation in the pandemic for the sub-Saharan African continent in general. Conclusions: Standard surveillance metrics such as daily observed new COVID-19 cases or deaths are necessary but insufficient to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 transmission. Public health leaders also need to know where COVID-19 transmission rates are accelerating or decelerating, whether those rates increase or decrease over short time frames because the pandemic can quickly escalate, and how many cases today are a function of new infections 7 days ago. Even though SSA is home to some of the poorest countries in the world, development and population size are not necessarily predictive of COVID-19 transmission, meaning higher income countries like the United States can learn from African countries on how best to implement mitigation and prevention efforts.
- Keyword:
- global COVID-19 surveillance, African public health surveillance, sub-Saharan African COVID-19, African surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, African econometrics, African SARS-CoV-2, African COVID-19 surveillance system, African COVID-19 transmission speed, African COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day persistence, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Disease Transmission, Infectious, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Public health surveillance, Virus diseases--Transmission
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Africa, Sub-Saharan
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Argaw, Salem Tibebe, Jones, Cameron Spencer, Moss, Charles B., Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J, White, Janine Inui, Issa, Tariq Ziad, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11-19
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33211026
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Canada: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post L, Boctor MJ, Issa TZ, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh L, White J, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Canada: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Jmir Public Health and Surveillance. 2021;7(5):11.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 global pandemic has disrupted structures and communities across the globe. Numerous regions of the world have had varying responses in their attempts to contain the spread of the virus. Factors such as public health policies, governance, and sociopolitical climate have led to differential levels of success at controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, a more advanced surveillance metric for COVID-19 transmission is necessary to help government systems and national leaders understand which responses have been effective and gauge where outbreaks occur. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced COVID-19 surveillance metrics for Canada at the country, province, and territory level that account for shifts in the pandemic including speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence. Enhanced surveillance identifies risks for explosive growth and regions that have controlled outbreaks successfully. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 62 days of COVID-19 data from Canadian public health registries for 13 provinces and territories. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in Canada as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: We compare the week of February 7-13, 2021, with the week of February 14-20, 2021. Canada, as a whole, had a decrease in speed from 8.4 daily new cases per 100,000 population to 7.5 daily new cases per 100,000 population. The persistence of new cases during the week of February 14-20 reported 7.5 cases that are a result of COVID-19 transmissions 7 days earlier. The two most populous provinces of Ontario and Quebec both experienced decreases in speed from 7.9 and 11.5 daily new cases per 100,000 population for the week of February 7-13 to speeds of 6.9 and 9.3 for the week of February 14-20, respectively. Nunavut experienced a significant increase in speed during this time, from 3.3 daily new cases per 100,000 population to 10.9 daily new cases per 100,000 population. Conclusions: Canada excelled at COVID-19 control early on in the pandemic, especially during the first COVID-19 shutdown. The second wave at the end of 2020 resulted in a resurgence of the outbreak, which has since been controlled. Enhanced surveillance identifies outbreaks and where there is the potential for explosive growth, which informs proactive health policy.
- Keyword:
- global COVID surveillance, COVID-19, COVID-21, new COVID strains, Canada Public Health Surveillance, Great COVID Shutdown, Canadian COVID-19, surveillance metrics, wave 2 Canada COVID-19, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Canadian econometrics, Canada SARS-CoV-2, Canadian COVID-19 surveillance system, Canadian COVID transmission speed, Canadian COVID transmission acceleration, COVID transmission deceleration, COVID transmission jerk, COVID 7-day lag
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (Province), Saskatchewan, Yukon
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Issa, Tariq Ziad, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J, Ison, Michael G, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren, White, Janine Inui, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33852410
- Title:
- Surveillance Metrics of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Central Asia: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post LA, Benishay ET, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Chaudhury AS, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Surveillance Metrics of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Central Asia: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):15.
- Abstract:
- Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic, has severely impacted Central Asia; in spring 2020, high numbers of cases and deaths were reported in this region. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently breaching the borders of Central Asia. Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders; however, existing surveillance explains past transmissions while obscuring shifts in the pandemic, increases in infection rates, and the persistence of the transmission of COVID-19. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide enhanced surveillance metrics for SARS-CoV-2 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, including speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand the risk of explosive growth in each country and which countries are managing the pandemic successfully. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 60 days of COVID-19-related data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in the Central Asia region as a function of the prior number of cases, level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: COVID-19 transmission rates were tracked for the weeks of September 30 to October 6 and October 7-13, 2020, in Central Asia. The region averaged 11,730 new cases per day for the first week and 14,514 for the second week. Infection rates increased across the region from 4.74 per 100,000 persons to 5.66. Russia and Turkey had the highest 7-day moving averages in the region, with 9836 and 1469, respectively, for the week of October 6 and 12,501 and 1603, respectively, for the week of October 13. Russia has the fourth highest speed in the region and continues to have positive acceleration, driving the negative trend for the entire region as the largest country by population. Armenia is experiencing explosive growth of COVID-19; its infection rate of 13.73 for the week of October 6 quickly jumped to 25.19, the highest in the region, the following week. The region overall is experiencing increases in its 7-day moving average of new cases, infection, rate, and speed, with continued positive acceleration and no sign of a reversal in sight. Conclusions: The rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic requires novel dynamic surveillance metrics in addition to static metrics to effectively analyze the pandemic trajectory and control spread. Policy makers need to know the magnitude of transmission rates, how quickly they are accelerating, and how previous cases are impacting current caseload due to a lag effect. These metrics applied to Central Asia suggest that the region is trending negatively, primarily due to minimal restrictions in Russia.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, second wave, wave two, global COVID-19 surveillance, Central Asia public health surveillance, Central Asia COVID-19, Central Asia surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of moments, Central Asia econometrics, Central Asia SARS-CoV-2, Central Asia COVID-19 surveillance system, Central Asia COVID-19 transmission speed, Central Asia COVID transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, GMM, COVID-19, surveillance, longitudinal, trend, trend analysis, monitoring, public health, infectious disease, transmission, risk, management, policy, prevention
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Faroe Islands, Georgia (Republic), Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kosovo (Republic), Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia (Republic), Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Benishay, Elana Tori, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J, Ison, Michael G, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Chaudhury, Azraa Sofia, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33475513
- Title:
- What Every Reader Should Know About Studies Using Electronic Health Record Data but May Be Afraid to Ask
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Kohane IS, Aronow BJ, Avillach P, Beaulieu-Jones BK, Bellazzi R, Bradford RL, Brat GA, Cannataro M, Cimino JJ, Garcia-Barrio N, Gehlenborg N, Ghassemi M, Gutierrez-Sacristan A, Hanauer DA, Holmes JH, Hong C, Klann JG, Loh NHW, Luo Y, Mandl KD, Daniar M, Moore JH, Murphy SN, Neuraz A, Ngiam KY, Omenn GS, Palmer N, Patel LP, Pedrera-Jimenez M, Sliz P, South AM, Tan ALM, Taylor DM, Taylor BW, Torti C, Vallejos AK, Wagholikar KB, Weber GM, Cai TX, Consortium Clinical C. What Every Reader Should Know About Studies Using Electronic Health Record Data but May Be Afraid to Ask. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(3):9.
- Abstract:
- Coincident with the tsunami of COVID-19-related publications, there has been a surge of studies using real-world data, including those obtained from the electronic health record (EHR). Unfortunately, several of these high-profile publications were retracted because of concerns regarding the soundness and quality of the studies and the EHR data they purported to analyze. These retractions highlight that although a small community of EHR informatics experts can readily identify strengths and flaws in EHR-derived studies, many medical editorial teams and otherwise sophisticated medical readers lack the framework to fully critically appraise these studies. In addition, conventional statistical analyses cannot overcome the need for an understanding of the opportunities and limitations of EHR-derived studies. We distill here from the broader informatics literature six key considerations that are crucial for appraising studies utilizing EHR data: data completeness, data collection and handling (eg, transformation), data type (ie, codified, textual), robustness of methods against EHR variability (within and across institutions, countries, and time), transparency of data and analytic code, and the multidisciplinary approach. These considerations will inform researchers, clinicians, and other stakeholders as to the recommended best practices in reviewing manuscripts, grants, and other outputs from EHR-data derived studies, and thereby promote and foster rigor, quality, and reliability of this rapidly growing field.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, electronic health records, real-world data, literature, publishing, quality, data quality, reporting standards, reporting checklist, review, statistics
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Electronic Health Records, Data Accuracy, Data Analysis, Review Literature as Topic, Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Creator:
- Kohane, Isaac S., Aronow, Bruce J., Avillach, Paul, Beaulieu-Jones, Brett K., Bellazzi, Riccardo, Bradford, Robert L., Brat, Gabriel A., Cannataro, Mario, Cimino, James J., Garcia-Barrio, Noelia, Gehlenborg, Nils, Ghassemi, Marzyeh, Gutierrez-Sacristan, Alba, Hanauer, David A., Holmes, John H., Hong, Chuan, Klann, Jeffrey G., Loh, Ne Hooi Will, Luo, Yuan, Mandl, Kenneth D., Daniar, Mohamad, Moore, Jason H., Murphy, Shawn N., Neuraz, Antoine, Ngiam, Kee Yuan, Omenn, Gilbert S., Palmer, Nathan, Patel, Lav P., Pedrera-Jimenez, Miguel, Sliz, Piotr, South, Andrew M., Tan, Amelia Li Min, Taylor, Deanne M., Taylor, Bradley W., Torti, Carlo, Vallejos, Andrew K., Wagholikar, Kavishwar B., Weber, Griffin M., Cai, Tianxi, The Consortium For Clinical Characterization Of COVID-19 By EHR (4CE)
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-02
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33600347
- Title:
- Coronavirus Disease-19: An Interim Evidence Synthesis of the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (Waidid)
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Abu-Raya B, Migliori GB, O'Ryan M, Edwards K, Torres A, Alffenaar JW, Martson AG, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Flanagan K, Hung I, Lauretani F, Leung CC, Leuridan E, Maertens K, Maggio MG, Nadel S, Hens N, Niesters H, Osterhaus A, Pontali E, Principi N, Silva DR, Omer S, Spanevello A, Sverzellati N, Tan TN, Torres-Torreti JP, Visca D, Esposito S. Coronavirus Disease-19: An Interim Evidence Synthesis of the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (Waidid). Frontiers in Medicine. 2020;7:20.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving, highly transmissible, and potentially lethal pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of June 11 2020, more than 7,000,000 COVID-19 cases have been reported worldwide, and more than 400,000 patients have died, affecting at least 188 countries. While literature on the disease is rapidly accumulating, an integrated, multinational perspective on clinical manifestations, immunological effects, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19 can be of global benefit. We aimed to synthesize the most relevant literature and experiences in different parts of the world through our global consortium of experts to provide a consensus-based document at this early stage of the pandemic.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, intensive care management, prevention, workplace safety, infection control, SARS-CoV-2, physical distancing
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Critical Care, Infection Control
- Creator:
- Abu-Raya, Bahaa, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, O'Ryan, Miguel, Edwards, Kathryn, Torres, Antoni, Alffenaar, Jan-Willem, Martson, Anne-Grete, Centis, Rosella, D'Ambrosio, Lia, Flanagan, Katie, Hung, Ivan, Lauretani, Fulvio, Leung, Chi Chi, Leuridan, Elke, Maertens, Kirsten, Maggio, Marcello Giuseppe, Nadel, Simon, Hens, Niel, Niesters, Hubert, Osterhaus, Albert, Pontali, Emanuele, Principi, Nicola, Rossato Silva, Denise, Omer, Saad, Spanevello, Antonio, Sverzellati, Nicola, Tan, Tina Quanbee, Torres-Torreti, Juan Pablo, Visca, Dina, Esposito, Susanna
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10-30
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33195319
- Title:
- 2021-2022 Series 08 NUCATS Dealing with Mentoring Challenges
- Description:
- Presentation discusses fundamental components of communicating effectively as a mentor, techniques to promote and facilitate workplace communication, and elements of conversation to deliver positive and negative feedback.
- Keyword:
- NUCATS, Mentoring, Difficult Conversations, Mentoring Relationships
- Subject: MESH:
- Mentoring, Mentors, Communication
- Creator:
- Carnethon, Mercedes R, Michelson, Kelly N
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-05-12
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Title:
- Reply to COVID-19 encephalopathy, Bayes rule, and a plea for casecontrol studies
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Liotta EM, Batra A, Koralnik IJ. Reply to COVID-19 encephalopathy, Bayes rule, and a plea for case-control studies. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2021;8(3):726-726.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Research Design
- Creator:
- Liotta, Eric Michael, Batra, Ayush, Koralnik, Igor Jerome
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Letter
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33512080
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 Wave Two Surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post LA, Lin JS, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. SARS-CoV-2 Wave Two Surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):15.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact on governments, health care systems, economies, and populations around the world. Within the East Asia and Pacific region, some countries have mitigated the spread of the novel coronavirus effectively and largely avoided severe negative consequences, while others still struggle with containment As the second wave reaches East Asia and the Pacific, it becomes more evident that additional SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is needed to track recent shifts, rates of increase, and persistence associated with the pandemic. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for speed, acceleration, jerk, persistence, and weekly shifts, to better understand country risk for explosive growth and those countries who are managing the pandemic successfully. Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. We provide novel indicators to measure disease transmission. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 330 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in East Asia and the Pacific as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: The standard surveillance metrics for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Myanmar were concerning as they had the largest new caseloads at 4301, 2588, and 1387, respectively. When looking at the acceleration of new COVID-19 infections, we found that French Polynesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines had rates at 3.17, 0.22, and 0.06 per 100,000. These three countries also ranked highest in terms of jerk at 15.45, 0.10, and 0.04, respectively. Conclusions: Two of the most populous countries in East Asia and the Pacific, Indonesia and the Philippines, have alarming surveillance metrics. These two countries rank highest in new infections in the region. The highest rates of speed, acceleration, and positive upwards jerk belong to French Polynesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, and may result in explosive growth. While all countries in East Asia and the Pacific need to be cautious about reopening their countries since outbreaks are likely to occur in the second wave of COVID-19, the country of greatest concern is the Philippines. Based on standard and enhanced surveillance, the Philippines has not gained control of the COVID-19 epidemic, which is particularly troubling because the country ranks 4th in population in the region. Without extreme and rigid social distancing, quarantines, hygiene, and masking to reverse trends, the Philippines will remain on the global top 5 list of worst COVID-19 outbreaks resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The second wave will only exacerbate existing conditions and increase COVID-19 transmissions.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, second wave, wave two, wave 2, global COVID-19 surveillance, Asia Pacific public health surveillance, Asia Pacific COVID-19, Asian Pacific SARS-CoV-2, Asia Pacific surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Asian Pacific econometrics, East Asian Pacific COVID-19 surveillance system, Pacific Asian COVID-19 transmission speed, Asian Pacific COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, Arellano-Bond estimator, generalized method of moments, GMM, Myanmar
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Health Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Burma, New Caledonia, Philippines
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Lin, Jasmine Samantha, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Ison, Michael G, Achenbach, Chad J, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33464207
- Title:
- Psychosocial Challenges and Opportunities for Youth With Chronic Health Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Serlachius A, Badawy SM, Thabrew H. Psychosocial Challenges and Opportunities for Youth With Chronic Health Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(10):8.
- Abstract:
- School closures, altered access to health services, and economic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic have likely had an impact on the mental and physical well-being of youth worldwide, particularly among those with chronic health conditions (CHCs). A number of challenges and opportunities have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic for youth with CHCs. Challenges include heightened anxiety, disrupted routines, academic and social stresses associated with school closure, increased risk of domestic violence and abuse, and reduced access to physical and psychosocial support. On the other hand, opportunities include reduced academic and social stress, increased time with families, reduced access to substances, easier access to health care using technology, and opportunities to build resilience. This viewpoint paper highlights both challenges and opportunities for youth with CHCs during the pandemic and offers recommendations for further research and clinical care.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, pandemic, chronic illness, youth, adolescents, children, psychosocial, anxiety
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Chronic Disease, Adolescent Health, Psychosocial Functioning, Anxiety
- Creator:
- Serlachius, Anna, Badawy, Sherif M, Thabrew, Hiran
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10-12
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33001834
- Title:
- Latin America and the Caribbean SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post L, Ohiomoba RO, Maras A, Watts SJ, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Chaudhury AS, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Latin America and the Caribbean SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Jmir Public Health and Surveillance. 2021;7(4):14.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented stress on economies, food systems, and health care resources in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Existing surveillance provides a proxy of the COVID-19 caseload and mortalities; however, these measures make it difficult to identify the dynamics of the pandemic and places where outbreaks are likely to occur. Moreover, existing surveillance techniques have failed to measure the dynamics of the pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to provide additional surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission to track changes in the speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence in the transmission of the pandemic more accurately than existing metrics. Methods: Through a longitudinal trend analysis, we extracted COVID-19 data over 45 days from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to monitor the daily number of cases in the LAC as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. COVID-19 transmission rates were tracked for the LAC between September 30 and October 6, 2020, and between October 7 and 13, 2020. Results: The LAC saw a reduction in the speed, acceleration, and jerk for the week of October 13, 2020, compared to the week of October 6, 2020, accompanied by reductions in new cases and the 7-day moving average. For the week of October 6, 2020, Belize reported the highest acceleration and jerk, at 1.7 and 1.8, respectively, which is particularly concerning, given its high mortality rate. The Bahamas also had a high acceleration at 1.5. In total, 11 countries had a positive acceleration during the week of October 6, 2020, whereas only 6 countries had a positive acceleration for the week of October 13, 2020. The TAC displayed an overall positive trend, with a speed of 10.40, acceleration of 0.27, and jerk of -0.31, all of which decreased in the subsequent week to 9.04, -0.81, and -0.03, respectively. Conclusions: Metrics such as new cases, cumulative cases, deaths, and 7-day moving averages provide a static view of the pandemic but fail to identify where and the speed at which SARS-CoV-2 infects new individuals, the rate of acceleration or deceleration of the pandemic, and weekly comparison of the rate of acceleration of the pandemic indicate impending explosive growth or control of the pandemic. Enhanced surveillance will inform policymakers and leaders in the LAC about COVID-19 outbreaks.
- Keyword:
- 7-day persistence, acceleration, Arellano-Bond estimator, COVID-19 surveillance system, COVID-19, dynamic panel data, econometrics, economic, generalized method of moments, global COVID-19 surveillance, Latin America and the Caribbean, longitudinal, metric, persistence, policy, public health surveillance, SARS-CoV-2, second wave, surveillance metrics, transmission deceleration, transmission jerk, transmission speed, trend analysis
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Latin America, Caribbean Area
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Ohiomoba, Ramael Osasogie, Maras, Ashley Francia, Watts, Sean Joseph, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Ison, Michael G, Achenbach, Chad J, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Chaudhury, Azraa Sofia, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33852413
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 4d - NADglo Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Dynamic Panel Estimate-Based Health Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates to Inform Public Health Policy: Model Development and Validation
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Oehmke JF, Oehmke TB, Singh LN, Post LA. Dynamic Panel Estimate-Based Health Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates to Inform Public Health Policy: Model Development and Validation. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(9):12.
- Abstract:
- Background: SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, is a global pandemic with higher mortality and morbidity than any other virus in the last 100 years. Without public health surveillance, policy makers cannot know where and how the disease is accelerating, decelerating, and shifting. Unfortunately, existing models of COVID-19 contagion rely on parameters such as the basic reproduction number and use static statistical methods that do not capture all the relevant dynamics needed for surveillance. Existing surveillance methods use data that are subject to significant measurement error and other contaminants. Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a proof of concept of the creation of surveillance metrics that correct for measurement error and data contamination to determine when it is safe to ease pandemic restrictions. We applied state-of-the-art statistical modeling to existing internet data to derive the best available estimates of the state-level dynamics of COVID-19 infection in the United States. Methods: Dynamic panel data (DPD) models were estimated with the Arellano-Bond estimator using the generalized method of moments. This statistical technique enables control of various deficiencies in a data set. The validity of the model and statistical technique was tested. Results: A Wald chi-square test of the explanatory power of the statistical approach indicated that it is valid (chi(2)(10)=1489.84, P<.001), and a Sargan chi-square test indicated that the model identification is valid (chi(2)(946) 935.52, P=.59). The 7-day persistence rate for the week of June 27 to July 3 was 0.5188 (P<.001), meaning that every 10,000 new cases in the prior week were associated with 5188 cases 7 days later. For the week of July 4 to 10, the 7-day persistence rate increased by 0.2691 (P=.003), indicating that every 10,000 new cases in the prior week were associated with 7879 new cases 7 days later. Applied to the reported number of cases, these results indicate an increase of almost 100 additional new cases per day per state for the week of July 4-10. This signifies an increase in the reproduction parameter in the contagion models and corroborates the hypothesis that economic reopening without applying best public health practices is associated with a resurgence of the pandemic. Conclusions: DPD models successfully correct for measurement error and data contamination and are useful to derive surveillance metrics. The opening of America involves two certainties. the country will be COVID-19-free only when there is an effective vaccine, and the social end of the pandemic will occur before the medical end. Therefore, improved surveillance metrics are needed to inform leaders of how to open sections of the United States more safely. DPD models can inform this reopening in combination with the extraction of COVID-19 data from existing websites.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, models, surveillance, COVID-19 surveillance system, dynamic panel data, infectious disease modeling, reopening America, COVID-19 guidelines, COVID-19 health policy
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Policy
- Creator:
- Oehmke, James Francis, Oehmke, Theresa B, Post, Lori Ann, Singh, Lauren Nadya
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-09-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32915762
- Title:
- Dynamic Panel Surveillance of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States to Inform Health Policy: Observational Statistical Study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Oehmke JF, Moss CB, Singh LN, Oehmke TB, Post LA. Dynamic Panel Surveillance of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States to Inform Health Policy: Observational Statistical Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(10):20.
- Abstract:
- Background: The Great COVID-19 Shutdown aimed to eliminate or slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The United States has no national policy, leaving states to independently implement public health guidelines that are predicated on a sustained decline in COVID-19 cases. Operationalization of sustained decline varies by state and county. Existing models of COVID-19 transmission rely on parameters such as case estimates or R-0 and are dependent on intensive data collection efforts. Static statistical models do not capture all of the relevant dynamics required to measure sustained declines. Moreover, existing COVID-19 models use data that are subject to significant measurement error and contamination. Objective: This study will generate novel metrics of speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day lag in the speed of COVID-19 transmission using state government tallies of SARS-CoV-2 infections, including state-level dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This study provides the prototype for a global surveillance system to inform public health practice, including novel standardized metrics of COVID-19 transmission, for use in combination with traditional surveillance tools. Methods: Dynamic panel data models were estimated with the Arellano-Bond estimator using the generalized method of moments. This statistical technique allows for the control of a variety of deficiencies in the existing data. Tests of the validity of the model and statistical techniques were applied. Results: The statistical approach was validated based on the regression results, which determined recent changes in the pattern of infection. During the weeks of August 17-23 and August 24-30, 2020, there were substantial regional differences in the evolution of the US pandemic. Census regions 1 and 2 were relatively quiet with a small but significant persistence effect that remained relatively unchanged from the prior 2 weeks. Census region 3 was sensitive to the number of tests administered, with a high constant rate of cases. A weekly special analysis showed that these results were driven by states with a high number of positive test reports from universities. Census region 4 had a high constant number of cases and a significantly increased persistence effect during the week of August 24-30. This change represents an increase in the transmission model R value for that week and is consistent with a re-emergence of the pandemic. Conclusions: Reopening the United States comes with three certainties: (1) the social end of the pandemic and reopening are going to occur before the medical end even while the pandemic is growing. We need improved standardized surveillance techniques to inform leaders when it is safe to open sections of the country; (2) varying public health policies and guidelines unnecessarily result in varying degrees of transmission and outbreaks; and (3) even those states most successful in containing the pandemic continue to see a small but constant stream of new cases daily.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, models, surveillance, reopening America, contagion, metrics, health policy, public health
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Health Policy, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Oehmke, James Francis, Moss, Charles B., Singh, Lauren Nadya, Oehmke, Theresa Bristol, Post, Lori Ann
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32924962
- Title:
- Dynamic Panel Data Modeling and Surveillance of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Areas in the United States: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Oehmke TB, Post LA, Moss CB, Issa TZ, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Dynamic Panel Data Modeling and Surveillance of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Areas in the United States: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):12.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound and differential impacts on metropolitan areas across the United States and around the world. Within the United States, metropolitan areas that were hit earliest with the pandemic and reacted with scientifically based health policy were able to contain the virus by late spring. For other areas that kept businesses open, the first wave in the United States hit in mid-summer. As the weather turns colder, universities resume classes, and people tire of lockdowns, a second wave is ascending in both metropolitan and rural areas. It becomes more obvious that additional SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is needed at the local level to track recent shifts in the pandemic, rates of increase, and persistence. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for speed, acceleration, jerk and persistence, and weekly shifts, to better understand and manage risk in metropolitan areas. Existing surveillance measures coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until, and after, an effective vaccine is developed. Here, we provide values for novel indicators to measure COVID-19 transmission at the metropolitan area level. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 260 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in the 25 largest US metropolitan areas as a function of the prior number of cases and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel data model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: Minneapolis and Chicago have the greatest average number of daily new positive results per standardized 100,000 population (which we refer to as speed). Extreme behavior in Minneapolis showed an increase in speed from 17 to 30 (67%) in 1 week. The jerk and acceleration calculated for these areas also showed extreme behavior. The dynamic panel data model shows that Minneapolis, Chicago, and Detroit have the largest persistence effects, meaning that new cases pertaining to a specific week are statistically attributable to new cases from the prior week. Conclusions: Three of the metropolitan areas with historically early and harsh winters have the highest persistence effects out of the top 25 most populous metropolitan areas in the United States at the beginning of their cold weather season. With these persistence effects, and with indoor activities becoming more popular as the weather gets colder, stringent COVID-19 regulations will be more important than ever to flatten the second wave of the pandemic. As colder weather grips more of the nation, southern metropolitan areas may also see large spikes in the number of cases.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, second wave, wave two, wave 2, global COVID-19 surveillance, COVID-19 metropolitan areas, COVID-19 cities, US public health surveillance, US COVID-19, US surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, US econometrics, US SARS-CoV-2, US COVID-19 surveillance system, US COVID-19 transmission speed, US COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 transmission deceleration, COVID-19 transmission jerk, COVID-19 7-day lag, Arellano-Bond estimator, generalized method of moments, GMM, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Washington DC, Miami, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Phoenix, Boston, San Francisco, Riverside, Detroit, Seattle, Minneapolis, San Diego, Tampa, Denver, St Louis, Baltimore, Charlotte, Orlando, San Antonio, Portland
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Public Health Surveillance, Models, Econometric, Disease Transmission, Infectious
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Oehmke, Theresa B., Post, Lori Ann, Moss, Charles B., Issa, Tariq Ziad, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah B., Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33481757
- Title:
- Dynamic Public Health Surveillance to Track and Mitigate the US COVID-19 Epidemic: Longitudinal Trend Analysis Study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post LA, Issa TZ, Boctor MJ, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Faber JMM, Culler K, Brandt CA, Oehmke JF. Dynamic Public Health Surveillance to Track and Mitigate the US COVID-19 Epidemic: Longitudinal Trend Analysis Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(12):14.
- Abstract:
- Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic. The United States has been severely affected, accounting for the most COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide. Without a coordinated national public health plan informed by surveillance with actionable metrics, the United States has been ineffective at preventing and mitigating the escalating COVID-19 pandemic. Existing surveillance has incomplete ascertainment and is limited by the use of standard surveillance metrics. Although many COVID-19 data sources track infection rates, informing prevention requires capturing the relevant dynamics of the pandemic. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop dynamic metrics for public health surveillance that can inform worldwide COVID-19 prevention efforts. Advanced surveillance techniques are essential to inform public health decision making and to identify where and when corrective action is required to prevent outbreaks. Methods: Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted COVID-19 data from global public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure daily case numbers for our use case in 50 US states and the District of Colombia as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: Examination of the United States and state data demonstrated that most US states are experiencing outbreaks as measured by these new metrics of speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence. Larger US states have high COVID-19 caseloads as a function of population size, density, and deficits in adherence to public health guidelines early in the epidemic, and other states have alarming rates of speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence in novel infections. North and South Dakota have had the highest rates of COVID-19 transmission combined with positive acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence. Wisconsin and Illinois also have alarming indicators and already lead the nation in daily new COVID-19 infections. As the United States enters its third wave of COVID-19, all 50 states and the District of Colombia have positive rates of speed between 7.58 (Hawaii) and 175.01 (North Dakota), and persistence, ranging from 4.44 (Vermont) to 195.35 (North Dakota) new infections per 100,000 people. Conclusions: Standard surveillance techniques such as daily and cumulative infections and deaths are helpful but only provide a static view of what has already occurred in the pandemic and are less helpful in prevention. Public health policy that is informed by dynamic surveillance can shift the country from reacting to COVID-19 transmissions to being proactive and taking corrective action when indicators of speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence remain positive week over week. Implicit within our dynamic surveillance is an early warning system that indicates when there is problematic growth in COVID-19 transmissions as well as signals when growth will become explosive without action. A public health approach that focuses on prevention can prevent major outbreaks in addition to endorsing effective public health policies. Moreover, subnational analyses on the dynamics of the pandemic allow us to zero in on where transmissions are increasing, meaning corrective action can be applied with precision in problematic areas. Dynamic public health surveillance can inform specific geographies where quarantines are necessary while preserving the economy in other US areas.
- Keyword:
- global COVID-19 surveillance, United States public health surveillance, US COVID-19, surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, United States econometrics, US SARS-CoV-2, US COVID-19 surveillance system, US COVID-19 transmission speed, COVID-19 transmission acceleration, COVID-19 speed, COVID-19 acceleration, COVID-19 jerk, COVID-19 persistence, Arellano-Bond estimator, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Issa, Tariq Ziad, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Ison, Michael G, Achenbach, Chad J, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Faber, Joshua Marco, Culler, Kasen Lyndell, Brandt, Cynthia A, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33216726
- Title:
- Using Tweets to Understand How COVID-19-Related Health Beliefs Are Affected in the Age of Social Media: Twitter Data Analysis Study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Wang HY, Li YK, Hutch M, Naidech A, Luo Y. Using Tweets to Understand How COVID-19-Related Health Beliefs Are Affected in the Age of Social Media: Twitter Data Analysis Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(2):15.
- Abstract:
- Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) has given rise to a global pandemic affecting 215 countries and over 40 million people as of October 2020. Meanwhile, we are also experiencing an infodemic induced by the overabundance of information, some accurate and some inaccurate, spreading rapidly across social media platforms. Social media has arguably shifted the information acquisition and dissemination of a considerably large population of internet users toward higher interactivities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19-related health beliefs on one of the mainstream social media platforms, Twitter, as well as potential impacting factors associated with fluctuations in health beliefs on social media. Methods: We used COVID-19-related posts from the mainstream social media platform Twitter to monitor health beliefs. A total of 92,687,660 tweets corresponding to 8,967,986 unique users from January 6 to June 21, 2020, were retrieved. To quantify health beliefs, we employed the health belief model (HBM) with four core constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. We utilized natural language processing and machine learning techniques to automate the process of judging the conformity of each tweet with each of the four HBM constructs. A total of 5000 tweets were manually annotated for training the machine learning architectures. Results: The machine learning classifiers yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves over 0.86 for the classification of all four HBM constructs. Our analyses revealed a basic reproduction number R(0 )of 7.62 for trends in the number of Twitter users posting health belief-related content over the study period. The fluctuations in the number of health belief-related tweets could reflect dynamics in case and death statistics, systematic interventions, and public events. Specifically, we observed that scientific events, such as scientific publications, and nonscientific events, such as politicians' speeches, were comparable in their ability to influence health belief trends on social media through a Kruskal-Wallis test (P=.78 and P=.92 for perceived benefits and perceived barriers, respectively). Conclusions: As an analogy of the classic epidemiology model where an infection is considered to be spreading in a population with an R-0 greater than 1, we found that the number of users tweeting about COVID-19 health beliefs was amplifying in an epidemic manner and could partially intensify the infodemic. It is unhealthy that both scientific and nonscientific events constitute no disparity in impacting the health belief trends on Twitter, since nonscientific events, such as politicians' speeches, might not be endorsed by substantial evidence and could sometimes be misleading.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, social media, health belief, Twitter, infodemic, infodemiology, machine learning, natural language processing
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Social Media, Health Belief Model, Infodemic, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing
- Creator:
- Wang, Hanyin, LI, YIKUAN, Hutch, Meghan Rose, Naidech, Andrew M, Luo, Yuan
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33529155
- Title:
- Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Post L, Culler K, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses. Jmir Public Health and Surveillance. 2021;7(4):16.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Europe, resulting in a high caseload and deaths that varied by country. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has breached the borders of Europe. Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders. Objective: This study aimed to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand countries at risk for explosive growth and those that are managing the pandemic effectively. Methods: We performed a longitudinal trend analysis and extracted 62 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in Europe as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results: New COVID-19 cases slightly decreased from 158,741 (week 1, January 4-10, 2021) to 152,064 (week 2, January 11-17, 2021), and cumulative cases increased from 22,507,271 (week 1) to 23,890,761 (week 2), with a weekly increase of 1,383,490 between January 10 and January 17. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom had the largest 7-day moving averages for new cases during week 1. During week 2, the 7-day moving average for France and Spain increased. From week 1 to week 2, the speed decreased (37.72 to 33.02 per 100,000), acceleration decreased (0.39 to -0.16 per 100,000), and jerk increased (-1.30 to 1.37 per 100,000). Conclusions: The United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal, in particular, are at risk for a rapid expansion in COVID-19 transmission. An examination of the European region suggests that there was a decrease in the COVID-19 caseload between January 4 and January 17, 2021. Unfortunately, the rates of jerk, which were negative for Europe at the beginning of the month, reversed course and became positive, despite decreases in speed and acceleration. Finally, the 7-day persistence rate was higher during week 2 than during week 1. These measures indicate that the second wave of the pandemic may be subsiding, but some countries remain at risk for new outbreaks and increased transmission in the absence of rapid policy responses.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, wave two, second wave, global COVID surveillance, Europe Public Health Surveillance, Europe COVID, Europe surveillance metrics, dynamic panel data, generalized method of the moments, Europe econometrics, Europe SARS-CoV-2, Europe COVID surveillance system, European COVID transmission speed, European COVID transmission acceleration, COVID transmission deceleration, COVID transmission jerk, COVID 7-day lag, SARS-CoV-2, Arellano-Bond estimator, GMM
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health Surveillance, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Statistical, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Great Britain, Vatican City
- Creator:
- Post, Lori Ann, Culler, Kasen Lyndell, Moss, Charles B, Murphy, Robert Leo, Achenbach, Chad J, Ison, Michael G, Resnick, Danielle, Singh, Lauren Nadya, White, Janine Inui, Boctor, Michael Jacob, Welch, Sarah, Oehmke, James Francis
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33818391
71. Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
- Title:
- Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Hur K, Price CPE, Gray EL, Gulati RK, Maksimoski M, Racette SD, Schneider AL, Khanwalkar AR. Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2020;163(1):170-178.
- Abstract:
- Objective To identify risk factors associated with intubation and time to extubation in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Study Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Ten hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan area. Subjects and Methods Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted between March 1 and April 8, 2020, were included. We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with intubation and prolonged intubation for acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 infection. Results Of the 486 hospitalized patients included in the study, the median age was 59 years (interquartile range, 47-69); 271 (55.8%) were male; and the median body mass index was 30.6 (interquartile range, 26.5-35.6). During the hospitalization, 138 (28.4%) patients were intubated; 78 (56.5%) were eventually extubated; 21 (15.2%) died; and 39 (28.3%) remained intubated at a mean +/- SD follow-up of 19.6 +/- 6.7 days. Intubated patients had a significantly higher median age (65 vs 57 years, P < .001) and rate of diabetes (56 [40.6%] vs 104 [29.9%], P = .031) as compared with nonintubated patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, sex, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, history of diabetes, and shortness of breath as factors predictive of intubation. Age and body mass index were the only factors independently associated with time to extubation. Conclusion In addition to clinical signs of respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 who are older, male, or diabetic are at higher risk of requiring intubation. Among intubated patients, older and more obese patients are at higher risk for prolonged intubation. Otolaryngologists consulted for airway management should consider these factors in their decision making.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, hospitalized, adults, mechanical ventilator, intubation, tracheostomy
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Hospitalization, Intubation, Tracheostomy, Ventilators, Mechanical
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Hur, Kevin, Price, Caroline P E, Gray, Elizabeth Lucia, Gulati, Reeti Kiran, Maksimoski, Matthew Thomas, Racette, Samuel David, Schneider, Alexander Louis, Khanwalkar, Ashoke R
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32423368
- Title:
- Emergency Department Patient Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Karalius VP, Kaskar SB, Levine DA, Darling TA, Loftus TM, McCarthy DM. Emergency Department Patient Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Patient Experience. 2021;8:7.
- Abstract:
- Emergency department (ED) utilization changed notably during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. The purpose of the study was to gain a more thorough understanding of ED patient experience during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used the consensual qualitative approach to analyze open-ended responses from post-ED patient experience surveys from February through July 2020. Comments were included in the analysis if they pertained to care during the pandemic (eg, mentioned the virus, masks, PPE). A total of 242 COVID-specific comments from 192 unique patients were analyzed (median age 49 years; 69% female). Six themes were identified: visually observed changes, experiences of process changes, expressions of understanding or appreciation, sense of security, COVID-19 disease-specific comments, and classic satisfaction comments that align with previous literature on patient experience. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health care systems across the world in unique and unprecedented ways. This study identified six themes that better elucidate ED patient experience during an unprecedented public health crisis.
- Keyword:
- COVID, coronavirus, emergency department, patient, satisfaction, experience
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Emergency Service, Hospital, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Qualitative Research
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Karalius, Vytas Petras, Kaskar, Saabir, Levine, Daniel Adam, Darling, Tiffani A, Loftus, Timothy Michael, McCarthy, Danielle Molloy
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07-23
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34368429
- Title:
- A Timely Call to Arms: COVID-19, the Circadian Clock, and Critical Care
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Haspel J, Kim M, Zee P, Schwarzmeier T, Montagnese S, Panda S, Albani A, Merrow M. A Timely Call to Arms: COVID-19, the Circadian Clock, and Critical Care. Journal of Biological Rhythms. 2021;36(1):55-70.
- Abstract:
- We currently find ourselves in the midst of a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we discuss aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathology and how these might interact with the circadian clock of the host. We further focus on the severe manifestation of the illness, leading to hospitalization in an intensive care unit. The most common severe complications of COVID-19 relate to clock-regulated human physiology. We speculate on how the pandemic might be used to gain insights on the circadian clock but, more importantly, on how knowledge of the circadian clock might be used to mitigate the disease expression and the clinical course of COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, circadian clock, critical care, nutrition, zeitgeber, rhythm
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Circadian Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Circadian rhythms
- Creator:
- Haspel, Jeffrey, Kim, Minjee, Zee, Phyllis C, Schwarzmeier, Tanja, Montagnese, Sara, Panda, Satchidananda, Albani, Adriana, Merrow, Martha
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33573430
- Title:
- Comorbid Medical Conditions in Young Athletes: Considerations for Preparticipation Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Harmon KG, Pottinger PS, Baggish AL, Drezner JA, Luks AM, Thompson AA, Swaminathan S. Comorbid Medical Conditions in Young Athletes: Considerations for Preparticipation Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports Health-a Multidisciplinary Approach. 2020;12(5):456-458.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, athlete, obesity, diabetes, asthma
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Athletes, Comorbidity, Asthma, Obesity
- Creator:
- Pottinger, Paul S, Harmon, Kimberly G, Baggish, Aaron L, Drezner, Jonathan A, Luks, Andrew M, Thompson, Alexis A, Swaminathan, Sankar
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32579436
- Title:
- Resumption of Sport at the United States Olympic and Paralympic Training Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Shah AB, Nabhan D, Chapman R, Chiampas G, Drezner J, Olin JT, Taylor D, Finnoff JT, Baggish AL. Resumption of Sport at the United States Olympic and Paralympic Training Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports Health-a Multidisciplinary Approach. 2021;13(4):359-363.
- Abstract:
- In this brief report, we describe the safety of reopening US Olympic and Paralympic Training facilities (USOPTFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from July 2020 through October 2020. We evaluated the prevalence of COVID-19 infection at the time of reentry and cardiopulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 in elite athletes. All athletes returning to a USOPTF were required to go through a reentry protocol consisting of an electronic health history, a 6-day quarantine including twice-daily symptom surveys, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, and pulmonary function testing. Athletes with current or prior COVID-19 infection also underwent an echocardiogram, cardiology consultation, and additional testing as indicated. All athletes followed rigorous infection prevention measures and minimized contact with the outside community following reentry. At the time of this report, 301 athletes completed the reentry protocol among which 14 (4.7%) tested positive for active (positive polymerase chain reaction test, n = 3) or prior (positive antibody test, n = 11) COVID-19 infection. During the study period, this cohort accrued 14,916 days living and training at USOPTFs. Only one (0.3%) athlete was subsequently diagnosed with a new COVID-19 infection. No cardiopulmonary pathology attributable to COVID-19 was detected. Our findings suggest that residential elite athlete training facilities can successfully resume activity during the COVID-19 pandemic when strict reentry and infection prevention measures are followed. Dissemination of our reentry quarantine and screening protocols with COVID-19 mitigation measures may assist the global sports and medical community develop best practices for reopening of similar training centers.
- Keyword:
- elite athlete training, COVID-19, myocardial injury, return-to-play
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Athletes, Myocardial Contusions
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Shah, Ankit B, Nabhan, Dustin, Chapman, Robert Scott, Chiampas, George T, Drezner, Jonathan, Olin, J. Tod, Taylor, David E, Finnoff, Jonathan T, Baggish, Aaron L
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33709838
- Title:
- Comprehensive Literature Review and Evidence evaluation of Experimental Treatment in COVID 19 Contagion
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Boregowda U, Gandhi D, Jain N, Khanna K, Gupta N. Comprehensive Literature Review and Evidence evaluation of Experimental Treatment in COVID 19 Contagion. Clinical Medicine Insights-Circulatory Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine. 2020;14:7.
- Abstract:
- IMPORTANCE: Coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID 19) is caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus. The pandemic is affecting the livelihood of millions of people all over the world. At the time of preparing this report, the pandemic has affected 1 827 284 patients, with 113 031 deaths in 185 countries as per Johns Hopkins University. With no proven treatment for the disease, prevention of the disease in the community and healthcare setting is need of the hour. OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive literature search for preventive measures and experimental treatment options. In this review, we have focused our discussion on the risk of disease transmission, supportive treatment, and possible treatment options based on available evidence. EVIDENCE REVIEW: We performed a literature search on google scholar, PubMed, and society guidelines for literature related to COVID 19 and previous coronavirus pandemics. We included data review articles, observational studies, and controlled trials to synthesize the treatment options for COVID 19. FINDINGS: In this article, we have extensively reviewed and discussed recommendations from various world organizations for the public and healthcare workers. We have also discussed currently available experimental treatments since there is no proven treatment for COVID 19. The best method of dealing with the current outbreak is to reduce the community spread and thus flatten the curve. Although Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Azithromycin have been tried, passive immunity through convalescent serum and vaccine is still at an experimental stage. Patients with severe COVID 19 infections could be considered for this experimental treatment through various national randomized control trials, which may eventually lead to an evidence-based treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Awareness of currently available experimental treatment among healthcare providers and exploration of possible treatment options through evidence is need of the hour. We have discussed the most recently available literature and evidence behind experimental treatment in this article.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, Wuhan, Remdesivir, pandemic, RT-PCR
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Biomedical Research
- Creator:
- Boregowda, Umesha, Gandhi, Darshan, Jain, Nitin, Khanna, Kanika, Gupta, Nishant
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 35173507
- Title:
- Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Smith AM, Willroth EC, Gatchpazian A, Shallcross AJ, Feinberg M, Ford BQ. Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions. Psychological Science. 2021;32(7):1011-1023.
- Abstract:
- How people respond to health threats can influence their own health and, when people are facing communal risks, even their community's health. We propose that people commonly respond to health threats by managing their emotions with cognitive strategies such as reappraisal, which can reduce fear and protect mental health. However, because fear can also motivate health behaviors, reducing fear may also jeopardize health behaviors. In two diverse U.S. samples (N = 1,241) tracked across 3 months, sequential and cross-lagged panel mediation models indicated that reappraisal predicted lower fear about an ongoing health threat (COVID-19) and, in turn, better mental health but fewer recommended physical health behaviors. This trade-off was not inevitable, however: The use of reappraisal to increase socially oriented positive emotions predicted better mental health without jeopardizing physical health behaviors. Examining the costs and benefits of how people cope with health threats is essential for promoting better health outcomes for individuals and communities.
- Keyword:
- emotion regulation, reappraisal, fear, positive emotions, health behaviors, mental health, COVID-19, open data, open materials
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Emotional Regulation, Fear, Health Behavior, Mental Health
- Creator:
- Smith, Angela M, Willroth, Emily Catherine, Gatchpazian, Arasteh, Shallcross, Amanda J, Feinberg, Matthew, Ford, Brett Q
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34143697
- Title:
- Probing the SAM Binding Site of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 In Vitro Using SAM Competitive Inhibitors Guides Developing Selective Bisubstrate Inhibitors
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Devkota K, Schapira M, Perveen S, Yazdi AK, Li FL, Chau I, Ghiabi P, Hajian T, Loppnau P, Bolotokova A, Satchell KJF, Wang K, Li DY, Liu J, Smil D, Luo MK, Jin J, Fish PV, Brown PJ, Vedadi M. Probing the SAM Binding Site of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 In Vitro Using SAM Competitive Inhibitors Guides Developing Selective Bisubstrate Inhibitors. Slas Discovery. 2021;26(9):1200-1211.
- Abstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly brought the healthcare systems worldwide to a breaking point, along with devastating socioeconomic consequences. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the disease, uses RNA capping to evade the human immune system. Nonstructural protein (nsp) 14 is one of the 16 nsps in SARS-CoV-2 and catalyzes the methylation of the viral RNA at N7-guanosine in the cap formation process. To discover small-molecule inhibitors of nsp14 methyltransferase (MTase) activity, we developed and employed a radiometric MTase assay to screen a library of 161 in-house synthesized S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) competitive MTase inhibitors and SAM analogs. Among six identified screening hits, SS148 inhibited nsp14 MTase activity with an IC50 value of 70 +/- 6 nM and was selective against 20 human protein lysine MTases, indicating significant differences in SAM binding sites. Interestingly, DS0464 with an IC50 value of 1.1 +/- 0.2 mu M showed a bisubstrate competitive inhibitor mechanism of action. DS0464 was also selective against 28 out of 33 RNA, DNA, and protein MTases. The structure-activity relationship provided by these compounds should guide the optimization of selective bisubstrate nsp14 inhibitors and may provide a path toward a novel class of antivirals against COVID-19, and possibly other coronaviruses.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, nsp14, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, S-Adenosylmethionine, Binding Sites
- Creator:
- Devkota, Kanchan, Schapira, Matthieu, Perveen, Sumera, Yazdi, Aliakbar Khalili, Li, Fengling, Chau, Irene, Ghiabi, Pegah, Hajian, Taraneh, Loppnau, Peter, Bolotokova, Albina, Satchell, Karla J. F., Wang, Ke, Li, Deyao, Liu, Jing, Smil, David, Luo, Minkui, Jin, Jian, Fish, Paul, V., Brown, Peter J., Vedadi, Masoud
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34192965
- Title:
- A Framework for Maintaining a Fully Operational Autopsy Service at a Large Academic Teaching Institution During a Global Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Fu L, Zak T, Shanes E. A Framework for Maintaining a Fully Operational Autopsy Service at a Large Academic Teaching Institution During a Global Pandemic. Academic Pathology. 2021;8:8.
- Abstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic created new challenges in health care, and pathology departments have led with innovations in testing and education. While the medical community and public showed great interest in gross and histologic findings in COVID-affected patients, paradoxically many autopsy services nationwide closed due to uncertainties surrounding the proximity to infected patient tissue, shortages in personal protective equipment, and pressures to discontinue perceived nonessential hospital operations. These disruptions furthermore negatively impacted pathology trainee education. The autopsy division at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, with the belief that a fully functioning autopsy service is especially crucial at this time, adopted a framework for continuing at full capacity for both clinical care and education. New operations were modeled on national protocols by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the College of American Pathologists, and the service continually adjusted policies to reflect rapidly changing guidelines and feedback from trainees and staff. Between January and December 2020, we performed 182 adult autopsies including 45 COVID-19 autopsies. Twelve residents, 4 staff, and 5 attendings rotated through the service. In exit interviews, participants expressed: (1) improved comfort managing both COVID-related and general autopsies; (2) sense of personal safety on service (despite the increased risk of exposure); (3) belief that both COVID-related and general autopsies contributed to their personal education and to the medical community. There have been zero known autopsy-related COVID-19 infections to date. We hope that our innovative autopsy service restructuring can serve as a framework for other academic programs during the current and in future pandemics.
- Keyword:
- autopsy, COVID-19, academic, resident, pandemic, education
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Autopsy, Pathology
- Subject: Name:
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital
- Creator:
- Fu, Lucy, Shanes, Elisheva Douglas, Zak, Taylor J
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Location:
- Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Anecdotes
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33884293
- Title:
- Family Meetings in the Intensive Care Unit During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Piscitello GM, Fukushima CM, Saulitis AK, Tian KT, Hwang J, Gupta S, Sheldon M. Family Meetings in the Intensive Care Unit During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine. 2021;38(3):305-312.
- Abstract:
- Purpose: Visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic limit in-person family meetings for hospitalized patients. We aimed to evaluate the quantity of family meetings by telephone, video and in-person during the COVID-19 pandemic by manual chart review. Secondary outcomes included rate of change in patient goals of care between video and in-person meetings, the timing of family meetings, and variability in meetings by race and ethnicity. Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients admitted to the intensive care unit at an urban academic hospital between March and June 2020. Patients lacking decision-making capacity and receiving a referral for a video meeting were included in this study. Results: Most patients meeting inclusion criteria (N = 61/481, 13%) had COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 57/61, 93%). A total of 650 documented family meetings occurred. Few occurred in-person (n = 70/650, 11%) or discussed goals of care (n = 233/650, 36%). For meetings discussing goals of care, changes in patient goals of care occurred more often for in-person meetings rather than by video (36% vs. 11%, p = 0.0006). The average time to the first goals of care family meeting was 11.4 days from admission. More documented telephone meetings per admission were observed for White (10.5, SD 9.5) and Black/African-American (7.1, SD 6.6) patients compared to Hispanic or Latino patients (4.9, SD 4.9) (p = 0.02). Conclusions: During this period of strict visitor restrictions, few family meetings occurred in-person. Statistically significant fewer changes in patient goals of care occurred following video meetings compared to in-person meetings, providing support limiting in-person meetings may affect patient care.
- Keyword:
- family meetings, intensive care unit, telehealth, critical care, patient-physician communication, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Intensive Care Units, Telemedicine, Critical Care, Visitors to Patients
- Creator:
- Piscitello, Gina M., Fukushima, Corinna M., Saulitis, Anna K., Tian, Katherine T., Hwang, Jennifer, Gupta, Shreya, Sheldon, Mark
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33207937
- Title:
- Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Heyman-Kanto R, Hardy N, Corcoran AR. Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Patient Experience. 2020;7(5):677-679.
- Abstract:
- Hospitals have eliminated many in-person interactions and established new protocols to stem the spread of COVID-19. Inpatient psychiatric units face unique challenges, as patients cannot be isolated in their rooms and are at times unable to practice social distancing measures. Many institutions have experimented with providing some psychiatric services remotely to reduce the number of people physically present on the wards and decrease the risk of disease transmission. This case report presents 2 patient perspectives on receiving psychiatric care via videoconferencing while on the inpatient unit of a large academic tertiary care hospital. One patient identified some benefits to virtual treatment while the second found the experience impersonal; both were satisfied with the overall quality of care they received and were stable 2 weeks after discharge. These cases demonstrate that effective care can be provided remotely even to severely ill psychiatric patients who require hospitalization.
- Keyword:
- telemedicine, mental health, psychiatry, COVID-19, patient experience
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Telemedicine, Mental Health, Psychiatry, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Qualitative Research
- Creator:
- Heyman-Kanto, Reuben, Hardy, Nathan Ellis, Corcoran, Amy Rose
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33294598
- Title:
- Type I Interferon (IFN)-Regulated Activation of Canonical and Non-Canonical Signaling Pathways
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mazewski C, Perez RE, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Type I Interferon (IFN)-Regulated Activation of Canonical and Non-Canonical Signaling Pathways. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11:13.
- Abstract:
- For several decades there has been accumulating evidence implicating type I interferons (IFNs) as key elements of the immune response. Therapeutic approaches incorporating different recombinant type I IFN proteins have been successfully employed to treat a diverse group of diseases with significant and positive outcomes. The biological activities of type I IFNs are consequences of signaling events occurring in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. Biochemical events involving JAK/STAT proteins that control transcriptional activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were the first to be identified and are referred to as canonical signaling. Subsequent identification of JAK/STAT-independent signaling pathways, critical for ISG transcription and/or mRNA translation, are denoted as non-canonical or non-classical pathways. In this review, we summarize these signaling cascades and discuss recent developments in the field, specifically as they relate to the biological and clinical implications of engagement of both canonical and non-canonical pathways.
- Keyword:
- interferon, signaling, MAP kinase signaling, signal transducer and activator of transcription, mammalian target of rapamycin, mRNA translation, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta, Signal Transduction, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Sirolimus, Protein Biosynthesis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Creator:
- Mazewski, Candice Elise, Perez, Ricardo Ernesto, Fish, Eleanor N, Platanias, Leonidas C
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11-23
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33329603
- Title:
- Toward Accurate and Robust Environmental Surveillance Using Metagenomics
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Shen JX, McFarland AG, Young VB, Hayden MK, Hartmann EM. Toward Accurate and Robust Environmental Surveillance Using Metagenomics. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021;12:8.
- Abstract:
- Environmental surveillance is a critical tool for combatting public health threats represented by the global COVID-19 pandemic and the continuous increase of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. With its power to detect entire microbial communities, metagenomics-based methods stand out in addressing the need. However, several hurdles remain to be overcome in order to generate actionable interpretations from metagenomic sequencing data for infection prevention. Conceptually and technically, we focus on viability assessment, taxonomic resolution, and quantitative metagenomics, and discuss their current advancements, necessary precautions and directions to further development. We highlight the importance of building solid conceptual frameworks and identifying rational limits to facilitate the application of techniques. We also propose the usage of internal standards as a promising approach to overcome analytical bottlenecks introduced by low biomass samples and the inherent lack of quantitation in metagenomics. Taken together, we hope this perspective will contribute to bringing accurate and consistent metagenomics-based environmental surveillance to the ground.
- Keyword:
- viability, limit of detection, metagenomics, taxonomic resolution, environmental surveillance, quantitative metagenomics
- Subject: MESH:
- Metagenomics, Limit of Detection
- Creator:
- SHEN, Jiaxian, McFarland, Alexander G, Young, Vincent B, Hayden, Mary K, Hartmann, Erica Marie
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33747038
- Title:
- Respiratory Microbial Co-infection With SARS-CoV-2
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Massey BW, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY. Respiratory Microbial Co-infection With SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020;11:7.
- Abstract:
- Co-infection with additional pathogens is a well-known feature of pandemics. We determined the prevalence and type of a wide variety of respiratory pathogens in 12,075 United States subjects tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in March and April 2020. Infections with other respiratory pathogens, which on their own produce at least some SARS-CoV-2 symptoms including mortality, were present in both SARS-CoV-2 + and SARS-CoV-2- subjects. Non-SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 + (86%) patients than SARS-CoV-2- patients (76%) (p< 0.0001). Among the co-pathogens present in both subject groups were K. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis which can produce serious respiratory illness on their own, Advanced age and nursing home status were associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 + and co-infection rates. Testing for the presence of co-pathogens going forward will assist in the diagnosis and optimal treatment of suspected SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections in the current pandemic.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory co-infection, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, nursing home, age, race
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coinfection, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Health Services for the Aged, Nursing Homes
- Creator:
- Massey, Bill W, Jayathilake, Karu, Meltzer, Herbert Y
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-08-25
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32983056
- Title:
- One-Size-Fits All: A Scalable Solution to Formal Telemedicine Provider Training to Support the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Schinasi DA, An-Grogan Y, Stephen R, Shimek A, Furney M, Bohling MK. One-Size-Fits All: A Scalable Solution to Formal Telemedicine Provider Training to Support the COVID-19 Pandemic Response. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:4.
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Formalized training in telemedicine addresses barriers to provider adoption and engagement and assures a level of competence for independent practice. We previously developed a blended-model training program, customizable according to role and specialty; this method of training was not feasible in the pandemic response. We describe the development and implementation of a multi- and interdisciplinary telemedicine provider training program enabling the rapid scaling of telemedicine at our institution. Methods: An existing curriculum was pared down to a 1-h session delivered synchronously, covering the foundational components of telemedicine practice. Supplemental materials were available for asynchronous learning via the hospital intranet. Completion of training was required of all clinicians who practice telemedicine. Results: We conducted 35 sessions for 1,070 providers over 12 weeks. Attendees included clinicians across numerous roles and specialties. Additional resources were created and available through the Telemedicine Virtual Handbook and housed in specific toolkits. Discussion: Telemedicine training is necessary for consistent, competent practice of telemedicine in pediatrics. We describe a training process that can be easily replicated and rapidly deployed to providers of telemedicine across roles and disciplines. Combining a mandatory and brief synchronous provider training session with a repository of online resources creates a foundation for consistent practice, while allowing for more individualized resources accessible on demand. Standardized telemedicine training followed by mechanisms for ongoing professional practice evaluation allow institutions to ensure consistent and competent practice of telemedicine. Further study is needed to determine the best modality for training, and optimal assessment tools according to professional role.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, telemedicine, telehealth, training, education
- Subject: MESH:
- Telemedicine, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Telecommunication in medicine, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Creator:
- Schinasi, Dana Aronson, An-Grogan, Yuemi, Stephen, Rebecca, Shimek, Aric, Furney, Marisa, Bohling, M. Katie
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-30
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33859970
- Title:
- The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Macy JT, Owens C, Mullis K, Middlestadt SE. The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9:8.
- Abstract:
- Purpose: Because older adults are at elevated risk of COVID-19-related adverse health outcomes, and staying at home is an effective strategy to avoid unnecessary exposures, the current formative study used the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to identify the beliefs underlying older adults' decision to stay home for the next month. Methods: The participants (weighted n = 206, age 65-94) for the current study were selected from a nationally representative online survey of US adults from April 10-20, 2020. We used multiple linear regression to estimate the relative contribution of the four RAA global constructs (instrumental attitude, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy) in explaining intention to stay home after controlling for demographic covariates. We also conducted a content analysis to identify beliefs about advantages, disadvantages, and facilitators of staying home. Results: After controlling for demographic characteristics, injunctive norms (b = 0.208; SE = 0.059; B = 0.213, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (b = 0.532; SE = 0.058; B = 0.537, p < 0.001) showed statistically significant independent associations with intention to stay home. The specific beliefs underlying the decision to stay home spanned across health and wellness dimensions and suggested interpersonal, mental health, and leisure/recreational facilitators. Conclusions: These findings suggest three public health intervention targets. First, self-efficacy building interventions could enhance older adults' perceptions of their ability to stay home to avoid unnecessary exposures. Second, health communication messages to address injunctive norms could emphasize that people important to older adults think they should stay home. Third, for the youngest of the older adults, health communication messages could emphasize the advantages of staying home.
- Keyword:
- older people, stay at home orders, reasoned action approach, self-efficacy, belief determinants, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--prevention & control, Physical Distancing, Aged, Self Efficacy
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Social distancing (Public health), Older people, Self-efficacy
- Creator:
- Macy, Jonathan T., Owens, Christopher, Mullis, Kristina, Middlestadt, Susan E.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34150704
- Title:
- Commentary: GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- De Souza A, Tavora FA, Mahalingam D, Munster PN, Safran HP, El-Deiry WS, Carneiro BA. Commentary: GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11:3.
- Keyword:
- glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, COVID-19, COVID, 9-ING-41, GSK-3b inhibitor, GSK-3 inhibitor, SARS-CoV21
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Protein Kinase Inhibitors
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Glycogen synthase kinase-3, Enzyme inhibitors
- Creator:
- De Souza, Andre, Tavora, Fabio A., Mahalingam, Devalingam, Munster, Pamela N., Safran, Howard P., El-Deiry, Wafik S., Carneiro, Benedito A.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-10-19
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Editorial
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33193448
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S6 - Histone Mark Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S5c - NR Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S5a-b - NADase Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S4g - Rhesus MSD Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S4a-b - Lymphocyte Count Flow Analysis
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Attitudes and Perceptions of Telemedicine in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Naive Healthcare Providers
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Schinasi DA, Foster CC, Bohling MK, Barrera L, Macy ML. Attitudes and Perceptions of Telemedicine in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Naive Healthcare Providers. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:7.
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Expansion of telemedicine enabled healthcare access during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to in-person visit restrictions, our institution trained >1,000 clinicians in telemedicine. Little is known about telemedicine-naive pediatric healthcare provider's perceptions as they adopted telemedicine practice. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of clinicians after expanding telemedicine practice at an independent children's hospital. The survey assessed experience with, concerns about, and intentions to continue telemedicine. Outpatient providers were included if they were first trained for telemedicine in response to COVID-19 and conducted at least one video visit, 3/21/2020-6/30/2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated; perceptions were compared across telemedicine activity level quartiles (based on proportions of visits delivered by video in June 2020) using Fisher's exact tests. Results: Of 609 survey responses, 305 (50.1%) met inclusion criteria, representing various roles and disciplines. Over half (54.1%) conducted >20 video visits 3/21/2020-6/30/2020. More than 75% of providers found telemedicine easy to learn. Providers with greater proportions of video visits in a typical week in June reported greater ease of incorporating telemedicine into clinical practice and greater intention to continue telemedicine practice in 6 months. Nearly all providers endorsed concerns. Patient care experiences reinforced technology-related concerns and alleviated liability and privacy concerns. Payer reimbursement was the leading influencer of anticipated future use of telemedicine. Discussion: Providers who conducted more telemedicine encounters reported greater ease of incorporating telemedicine into practice. Provider concerns were influenced by patient care experiences. Targeted training and quality improvement strategies are needed to sustain a robust post-pandemic telemedicine program.
- Keyword:
- telemedicine, telehealth, COVID-19, pediatric, children's hospital, healthcare provider
- Subject: MESH:
- Pediatrics, Telemedicine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Pediatrics, Telecommunication in medicine, COVID-19 (Disease)
- Creator:
- Schinasi, Dana Aronson, Foster, Carolyn Christine, Bohling, M. Katie, Barrera, Leonardo, Macy, Michelle Lea
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33898361
- Title:
- Effect of Face Masks on Interpersonal Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mheidly N, Fares MY, Zalzale H, Fares J. Effect of Face Masks on Interpersonal Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:6.
- Abstract:
- Interpersonal communication has been severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Protective measures, such as social distancing and face masks, are essential to mitigate efforts against the virus, but pose challenges on daily face-to-face communication. Face masks, particularly, muffle sounds and cover facial expressions that ease comprehension during live communication. Here, we explore the role of facial expressions in communication and we highlight how the face mask can hinder interpersonal connection. In addition, we offer coping strategies and skills that can ease communication with face masks as we navigate the current and any future pandemic.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, communication, social distancing, pandemic (COVID-19), pandemic
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Interpersonal Relations, Masks, Physical Distancing
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, Interpersonal communication, Personal protective equipment, Social distancing (Public health)
- Creator:
- Mheidly, Nour, Fares, Mohamad Y., Zalzale, Hussein, Fares, Jawad Youssef
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33363081
- Title:
- Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Gebremeskel S, Schanin J, Coyle KM, Butuci M, Luu T, Brock EC, Xu AL, Wong AL, Leung J, Korver W, Morin RD, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS, Youngblood BA. Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:12.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a global health crisis. Immune cell activation via pattern recognition receptors has been implicated as a driver of the hyperinflammatory response seen in COVID-19. However, our understanding of the specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils are innate immune cells that play pathogenic roles in many inflammatory responses. Here we report MC-derived proteases and eosinophil-associated mediators are elevated in COVID-19 patient sera and lung tissues. Stimulation of viral-sensing toll-like receptors in vitro and administration of synthetic viral RNA in vivo induced features of hyperinflammation, including cytokine elevation, immune cell airway infiltration, and MC-protease production-effects suppressed by an anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody which selectively inhibits MCs and depletes eosinophils. Similarly, anti-Siglec-8 treatment reduced disease severity and airway inflammation in a respiratory viral infection model. These results suggest that MC and eosinophil activation are associated with COVID-19 inflammation and anti-Siglec-8 antibodies are a potential therapeutic approach for attenuating excessive inflammation during viral infections.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Toll-like receptor, mast cell, eosinophil, Siglec-8, lirentelimab, viral inflammation
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--immunology, Mast Cells, Eosinophils
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Mast cells--Immunology, Eosinophils
- Creator:
- Gebremeskel, Simon, Schanin, Julia, Coyle, Krysta M., Butuci, Melina, Luu, Thuy, Brock, Emily C., Xu, Alan, Wong, Alan, Leung, John, Korver, Wouter, Morin, Ryan D., Schleimer, Robert P., Bochner, Bruce S., Youngblood, Bradford A.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33777047
- Title:
- Coping With Stress and Burnout Associated With Telecommunication and Online Learning
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mheidly N, Fares MY, Fares J. Coping With Stress and Burnout Associated With Telecommunication and Online Learning. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:7.
- Abstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted the field of telecommunication. It increased the use of media applications that enable teleconferencing, telecommuting, online learning, and social relations. Prolonged time facing screens, tablets, and smart devices increases stress and anxiety. Mental health stressors associated with telecommunication can add to other stressors related to quarantine time and lockdown to eventually lead to exhaustion and burnout. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on communication and education are explored. In addition, the relationship between prolonged exposure to digital devices and mental health is studied. Finally, coping strategies are offered to help relieve the tele-burdens of pandemics.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mental health-state of emotional and social well-being, psychology, students, education-active learning, e-learning, COVID-19 mental health response
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--psychology, Burnout, Psychological, Stress, Psychological, Telecommunications, Education, Distance
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, Burn out (Psychology), Stress (Psychology), Distance education
- Creator:
- Mheidly, Nour, Fares, Mohamad Y., Fares, Jawad Youssef
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33262967
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S2h - ChIP qPCR Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S2b-g - ACHP Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- National Trends in Disease Activity for COVID-19 Among Children in the US
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Hutch MR, Liu ML, Avillach P, Luo Y, Bourgeois FT, Consortium Clinical C. National Trends in Disease Activity for COVID-19 Among Children in the US. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:4.
- Abstract:
- Ongoing monitoring of COVID-19 disease burden in children will help inform mitigation strategies and guide pediatric vaccination programs. Leveraging a national, comprehensive dataset, we sought to quantify and compare disease burden and trends in hospitalizations for children and adults in the US.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, surveillance, public health, hospitalization, pediatric
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Child, Adult
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Children--Health and hygiene
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Hutch, Meghan Rose, Liu, Molei, Avillach, Paul, Luo, Yuan, Bourgeois, Florence T., Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE)
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34307261
- Title:
- Ethical Considerations for Unblinding and Vaccinating COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Placebo Group Participants
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Stoehr JR, Jahromi AH, Thomason C. Ethical Considerations for Unblinding and Vaccinating COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Placebo Group Participants. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9:3.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, placebo, clinical trials, vaccine, vaccine ethics
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, Clinical Trials as Topic--ethics, Biomedical Research--ethics
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 vaccines, Medical ethics
- Creator:
- Stoehr, Jenna Rose, Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza, Thomason, Clayton
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-24
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Editorial
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34249853