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- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S5c - NR Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S5a-b - NADase Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S4g - Rhesus MSD Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S4a-b - Lymphocyte Count Flow Analysis
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Attitudes and Perceptions of Telemedicine in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Naive Healthcare Providers
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Schinasi DA, Foster CC, Bohling MK, Barrera L, Macy ML. Attitudes and Perceptions of Telemedicine in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Naive Healthcare Providers. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:7.
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Expansion of telemedicine enabled healthcare access during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to in-person visit restrictions, our institution trained >1,000 clinicians in telemedicine. Little is known about telemedicine-naive pediatric healthcare provider's perceptions as they adopted telemedicine practice. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of clinicians after expanding telemedicine practice at an independent children's hospital. The survey assessed experience with, concerns about, and intentions to continue telemedicine. Outpatient providers were included if they were first trained for telemedicine in response to COVID-19 and conducted at least one video visit, 3/21/2020-6/30/2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated; perceptions were compared across telemedicine activity level quartiles (based on proportions of visits delivered by video in June 2020) using Fisher's exact tests. Results: Of 609 survey responses, 305 (50.1%) met inclusion criteria, representing various roles and disciplines. Over half (54.1%) conducted >20 video visits 3/21/2020-6/30/2020. More than 75% of providers found telemedicine easy to learn. Providers with greater proportions of video visits in a typical week in June reported greater ease of incorporating telemedicine into clinical practice and greater intention to continue telemedicine practice in 6 months. Nearly all providers endorsed concerns. Patient care experiences reinforced technology-related concerns and alleviated liability and privacy concerns. Payer reimbursement was the leading influencer of anticipated future use of telemedicine. Discussion: Providers who conducted more telemedicine encounters reported greater ease of incorporating telemedicine into practice. Provider concerns were influenced by patient care experiences. Targeted training and quality improvement strategies are needed to sustain a robust post-pandemic telemedicine program.
- Keyword:
- telemedicine, telehealth, COVID-19, pediatric, children's hospital, healthcare provider
- Subject: MESH:
- Pediatrics, Telemedicine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Pediatrics, Telecommunication in medicine, COVID-19 (Disease)
- Creator:
- Schinasi, Dana Aronson, Foster, Carolyn Christine, Bohling, M. Katie, Barrera, Leonardo, Macy, Michelle Lea
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33898361
- Title:
- Effect of Face Masks on Interpersonal Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mheidly N, Fares MY, Zalzale H, Fares J. Effect of Face Masks on Interpersonal Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:6.
- Abstract:
- Interpersonal communication has been severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Protective measures, such as social distancing and face masks, are essential to mitigate efforts against the virus, but pose challenges on daily face-to-face communication. Face masks, particularly, muffle sounds and cover facial expressions that ease comprehension during live communication. Here, we explore the role of facial expressions in communication and we highlight how the face mask can hinder interpersonal connection. In addition, we offer coping strategies and skills that can ease communication with face masks as we navigate the current and any future pandemic.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, communication, social distancing, pandemic (COVID-19), pandemic
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Interpersonal Relations, Masks, Physical Distancing
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, Interpersonal communication, Personal protective equipment, Social distancing (Public health)
- Creator:
- Mheidly, Nour, Fares, Mohamad Y., Zalzale, Hussein, Fares, Jawad Youssef
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33363081
- Title:
- Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Gebremeskel S, Schanin J, Coyle KM, Butuci M, Luu T, Brock EC, Xu AL, Wong AL, Leung J, Korver W, Morin RD, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS, Youngblood BA. Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:12.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a global health crisis. Immune cell activation via pattern recognition receptors has been implicated as a driver of the hyperinflammatory response seen in COVID-19. However, our understanding of the specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils are innate immune cells that play pathogenic roles in many inflammatory responses. Here we report MC-derived proteases and eosinophil-associated mediators are elevated in COVID-19 patient sera and lung tissues. Stimulation of viral-sensing toll-like receptors in vitro and administration of synthetic viral RNA in vivo induced features of hyperinflammation, including cytokine elevation, immune cell airway infiltration, and MC-protease production-effects suppressed by an anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody which selectively inhibits MCs and depletes eosinophils. Similarly, anti-Siglec-8 treatment reduced disease severity and airway inflammation in a respiratory viral infection model. These results suggest that MC and eosinophil activation are associated with COVID-19 inflammation and anti-Siglec-8 antibodies are a potential therapeutic approach for attenuating excessive inflammation during viral infections.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Toll-like receptor, mast cell, eosinophil, Siglec-8, lirentelimab, viral inflammation
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--immunology, Mast Cells, Eosinophils
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Mast cells--Immunology, Eosinophils
- Creator:
- Gebremeskel, Simon, Schanin, Julia, Coyle, Krysta M., Butuci, Melina, Luu, Thuy, Brock, Emily C., Xu, Alan, Wong, Alan, Leung, John, Korver, Wouter, Morin, Ryan D., Schleimer, Robert P., Bochner, Bruce S., Youngblood, Bradford A.
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33777047
- Title:
- Coping With Stress and Burnout Associated With Telecommunication and Online Learning
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mheidly N, Fares MY, Fares J. Coping With Stress and Burnout Associated With Telecommunication and Online Learning. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:7.
- Abstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted the field of telecommunication. It increased the use of media applications that enable teleconferencing, telecommuting, online learning, and social relations. Prolonged time facing screens, tablets, and smart devices increases stress and anxiety. Mental health stressors associated with telecommunication can add to other stressors related to quarantine time and lockdown to eventually lead to exhaustion and burnout. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on communication and education are explored. In addition, the relationship between prolonged exposure to digital devices and mental health is studied. Finally, coping strategies are offered to help relieve the tele-burdens of pandemics.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mental health-state of emotional and social well-being, psychology, students, education-active learning, e-learning, COVID-19 mental health response
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--psychology, Burnout, Psychological, Stress, Psychological, Telecommunications, Education, Distance
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, Burn out (Psychology), Stress (Psychology), Distance education
- Creator:
- Mheidly, Nour, Fares, Mohamad Y., Fares, Jawad Youssef
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33262967
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S2h - ChIP qPCR Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig S2b-g - ACHP Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- National Trends in Disease Activity for COVID-19 Among Children in the US
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Hutch MR, Liu ML, Avillach P, Luo Y, Bourgeois FT, Consortium Clinical C. National Trends in Disease Activity for COVID-19 Among Children in the US. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:4.
- Abstract:
- Ongoing monitoring of COVID-19 disease burden in children will help inform mitigation strategies and guide pediatric vaccination programs. Leveraging a national, comprehensive dataset, we sought to quantify and compare disease burden and trends in hospitalizations for children and adults in the US.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, surveillance, public health, hospitalization, pediatric
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Child, Adult
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Children--Health and hygiene
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Hutch, Meghan Rose, Liu, Molei, Avillach, Paul, Luo, Yuan, Bourgeois, Florence T., Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE)
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34307261
- Title:
- Ethical Considerations for Unblinding and Vaccinating COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Placebo Group Participants
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Stoehr JR, Jahromi AH, Thomason C. Ethical Considerations for Unblinding and Vaccinating COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Placebo Group Participants. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9:3.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, placebo, clinical trials, vaccine, vaccine ethics
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, Clinical Trials as Topic--ethics, Biomedical Research--ethics
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 vaccines, Medical ethics
- Creator:
- Stoehr, Jenna Rose, Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza, Thomason, Clayton
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-24
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Editorial
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34249853
- Title:
- Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies: Report of a WHO Working Group
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Jamrozik E, Littler K, Bull S, Emerson C, Kang G, Kapulu M, Rey E, Saenz C, Shah S, Smith PG, Upshur R, Weijer C, Selgelid MJ, Cha WHOWGGH. Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies: Report of a WHO Working Group. Vaccine. 2021;39(4):633-640.
- Abstract:
- This report of the WHO Working Group for Guidance on Human Challenge Studies in COVID-19 outlines ethical standards for COVID-19 challenge studies. It includes eight Key Criteria related to scientific justification, risk-benefit assessment, consultation and engagement, co-ordination of research, site selection, participant selection, expert review, and informed consent. The document aims to provide comprehensive guidance to scientists, research ethics committees, funders, policymakers, and regulators in deliberations regarding SARS-CoV-2 challenge studies by outlining criteria that would need to be satisfied in order for such studies to be ethically acceptable. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Keyword:
- Bioethics, Ethics, Research ethics, Clinical trials, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Human challenge studies, Controlled human infection
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, Clinical Trials as Topic--ethics, Biomedical Research--ethics
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 vaccines, Medical ethics
- Creator:
- Jamrozik, Euzebiusz, Littler, Katherine, Bull, Susan, Emerson, Claudia, Kang, Gagandeep, Kapulu, Melissa, Rey, Elena, Saenz, Carla, Shah, Seema Kirti, Smith, Peter G., Upshur, Ross, Weijer, Charles, Selgelid, Michael J., WHO Working Group for Guidance on Human Challenge Studies in COVID-19
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER SCI LTD
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33341309
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 5 - Flow Data %TF+
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 4g,h - Metabolomic Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 4a-c - Metabolomic Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- A method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthy human stool: a validation study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Coryell MP, Iakiviak M, Pereira N, Murugkar PP, Rippe J, Williams DB, Heald-Sargent T, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Chavez J, Hastie JL, Sava RL, Lien CZ, Wang TT, Muller WJ, Fischbach MA, Carlson PE. A method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthy human stool: a validation study. Lancet Microbe. 2021;2(6):E259-E266.
- Abstract:
- Background Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns about transmission through faecal microbiota transplantation procedures. Validation parameters of authorised tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in respiratory samples are described in product labelling, whereas the published methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection from faecal samples have not permitted a robust description of the assay parameters. We aimed to develop and validate a test specifically for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human stool. Methods In this validation study, we evaluated performance characteristics of a reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human stool specimens by spiking stool with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 material. A modified version of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention RT-rtPCR SARS-CoV-2 test was used for detection of viral RNA. Analytical sensitivity was evaluated in freshly spiked stool by testing two-fold dilutions in replicates of 20. Masked samples were tested by a second laboratory to evaluate interlaboratory reproducibility. Short-term (7-day) stability of viral RNA in stool samples was assessed with four different stool storage buffers (phosphate-buffered saline, Cary-Blair medium, Stool Transport and Recovery [STAR] buffer, and DNA/RNA Shield) kept at -80 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and ambient temperature (approximately 21 degrees C). We also tested clinical stool and anal swab specimens from patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive by nasopharyngeal testing. Findings The lower limit of detection of the assay was found to be 3000 viral RNA copies per g of original stool sample, with 100% detection across 20 replicates assessed at this concentration. Analytical sensitivity was diminished by approximately two times after a single freeze-thaw cycle at -80 degrees C. At 100 times the limit of detection, spiked samples were generally stable in all four stool storage buffers tested for up to 7 days, with maximum changes in mean threshold cycle values observed at -80 degrees C storage in Cary-Blair medium (from 29.4 [SD 0.27] at baseline to 30.8 [0.17] at day 7; p<0.0001), at 4 degrees C storage in DNA/RNA Shield (from 28.5 [0.15] to 29.8 [0.09]; p=0.0019), and at ambient temperature in STAR buffer (from 30.4 [0.24] to 32.4 [0.62]; p=0.0083). 30 contrived SARS-CoV-2 samples were tested by a second laboratory and were correctly identified as positive or negative in at least one of two rounds of testing. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using this assay in the stool and anal swab specimens of 11 of 23 individuals known to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation This is a sensitive and reproducible assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human stool, with potential uses in faecal microbiota transplantation donor screening, sewage monitoring, and further research into the effects of faecal shedding on the epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)
- Creator:
- Coryell, Michael P., Iakiviak, Mikhail, Pereira, Nicole, Murugkar, Pallavi P., Rippe, Jason, Williams, David B., Heald-Sargent, Taylor Alis, Sanchez-Pinto, Lazaro Nelson, Chavez, Jairo, Hastie, Jessica L., Sava, Rosa L., Lien, Christopher Z., Wang, Tony T., Muller, William J, Fischbach, Michael A., Carlson, Paul E., Jr.
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Page Number:
- 8
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33821247
- Title:
- A clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Lorenzo-Redondo R, Nam HH, Roberts SC, Simons LM, Jennings LJ, Qi C, Achenbach CJ, Hauser AR, Ison MG, Hultquist JF, Ozer EA. A Clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways. Ebiomedicine. 2020;62:10.
- Abstract:
- Background: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been accompanied by the emergence of distinct viral clades, though their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the phylogenetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Chicago, Illinois, and assess their relationship to clinical parameters. Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected from COVID-19 patients in Chicago in mid-March, 2020. Using these and other publicly available sequences, we performed phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and phylodynamic analyses. Patient data was assessed for correlations between demographic or clinical characteristics and virologic features. Findings: The 88 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences in our study separated into three distinct phylogenetic clades. Clades 1 and 3 were most closely related to viral sequences from New York and Washington state, respectively, with relatively broad distributions across the US. Clade 2 was primarily found in the Chicago area with limited distribution elsewhere. At the time of diagnosis, patients infected with Clade 1 viruses had significantly higher average viral loads in their upper airways relative to patients infected with Clade 2 viruses, independent of disease severity. Interpretation: These results show that multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in the Chicago area in mid-March 2020 that differed in their relative viral loads in patient upper airways. These data suggest that differences in virus genotype can impact viral load and may influence viral spread.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Phylogenetics, Viral load, Viral genotype, Whole genome sequencing
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Phylogeny, Viral Load, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genome, Viral
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Lorenzo Redondo, Ramon, Nam, Hannah H, Roberts, Scott C, Simons, Lacy Marie, Jennings, Lawrence J, Qi, Chao, Achenbach, Chad J, Hauser, Alan R, Ison, Michael G, Hultquist, Judd Franklin, Ozer, Egon Anderson
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33186810
- Title:
- Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Onesti CE, Rugo HS, Generali D, Peeters M, Zaman K, Wildiers H, Harbeck N, Martin M, Cristofanilli M, Cortes J, Tjan-Heijnen V, Hurvitz SA, Berchem G, Tagliamento M, Campone M, Bartsch R, De Placido S, Puglisi F, Rottey S, Muller V, Ruhstaller T, Machiels JP, Conte P, Awada A, Jerusalem G. Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak. Esmo Open. 2020;5(4):8.
- Abstract:
- Background COVID-19 appeared in late 2019, causing a pandemic spread. This led to a reorganisation of oncology care in order to reduce the risk of spreading infection between patients and healthcare staff. Here we analysed measures taken in major oncological units in Europe and the USA. Methods A 46-item survey was sent by email to representatives of 30 oncological centres in 12 of the most affected countries. The survey inquired about preventive measures established to reduce virus spread, patient education and processes employed for risk reduction in each oncological unit. Results Investigators from 21 centres in 10 countries answered the survey between 10 April and 6 May 2020. A triage for patients with cancer before hospital or clinic visits was conducted by 90.5% of centres before consultations, 95.2% before day care admissions and in 100% of the cases before overnight hospitalisation by means of phone calls, interactive online platforms, swab test and/or chest CT scan. Permission for caregivers to attend clinic visits was limited in many centres, with some exceptions (ie, for non-autonomous patients, in the case of a new diagnosis, when bad news was expected and for terminally ill patients). With a variable delay period, the use of personal protective equipment was unanimously mandatory, and in many centres, only targeted clinical and instrumental examinations were performed. Telemedicine was implemented in 76.2% of the centres. Separated pathways for COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients were organised, with separate inpatient units and day care areas. Self-isolation was required for COVID-19-positive or symptomatic staff, while return to work policies required a negative swab test in 76.2% of the centres. Conclusion Many pragmatic measures have been quickly implemented to deal with the health emergency linked to COVID-19, although the relative efficacy of each intervention should be further analysed in large observational studies.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, oncological care
- Subject: MESH:
- Oncology Service, Hospital, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Cancer--Patients--Hospital care, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020---Influence
- Creator:
- Onesti, Concetta Elisa, Rugo, Hope S., Generali, Daniele, Peeters, Marc, Zaman, Khalil, Wildiers, Hans, Harbeck, Nadia, Martin, Miguel, Cristofanilli, Massimo, Cortes, Javier, Tjan-Heijnen, Vivianne, Hurvitz, Sara A., Berchem, Guy, Tagliamento, Marco, Campone, Mario, Bartsch, Rupert, De Placido, Sabino, Puglisi, Fabio, Rottey, Sylvie, Mueller, Volkmar, Ruhstaller, Thomas, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, Conte, PierFranco, Awada, Ahmad, Jerusalem, Guy
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32847836
- Title:
- Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals.
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Demonbreun AR, Sancilio A, Velez MP, Ryan DT, Saber R, Vaught LA, Reiser NL, Hsieh RR, D'Aquila RT, Mustanski B, McNally EM, McDade TW. Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. Eclinicalmedicine. 2021;38:7.
- Abstract:
- Background: Recent reports have suggested that among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, a single mRNA vaccine dose is sufficient to elicit high levels of immunity. Methods: We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated neutralization of spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding in vitro following vaccination of non-hospitalized participants by sero-status and acute virus diagnosis history. Participants were analysed before and after mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna) in a community-based, home-collected, longitudinal serosurvey in the Chicago area (USA); none reported hospitalization for COVID-19. Samples were collected in January and February 2021. Before vaccination, some reported prior positive acute viral diagnostic testing and were seropositive (COVID-19+); the others who did not report acute viral diagnostic testing were categorized as seropositive or seronegative based on anti-spike RBD IgG test results. Findings: Of 307 unique vaccine recipients, 46 reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis and were seropositive (COVID-19 +). Of the 261 with no history of acute viral diagnostic testing, 117 were seropositive and 144 seronegative before vaccination. The median age was 38 years (range 21-83) with 67 female and 33% male; 40% were non-White. Responses were evaluated after one (n = 142) or two (n = 191) doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. After one dose, median post-vaccine IgG concentration and percent surrogate neutralization were each significantly higher among the COVID-19+ (median 48.2 mu g/ml, IgG; > 99.9% neutralization) compared to the seropositives (3.6 mu g/ml IgG; 56.5% neutralization) and seronegatives (2.6 mu g/ml IgG; 38.3% neutralization). The latter two groups reached > 95% neutralization after the second vaccine dose. Interpretation: After one dose of mRNA vaccine, individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 responded with high levels of anti-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralization of spike-ACE2 interaction. One dose of mRNA vaccine was not sufficient to generate comparably high responses among most persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 without a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis, nor among seronegative persons. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Serological testing, IgG, ELISA, Dried blood spots, Vaccine, Neutralizing, Receptor binding domain
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2--drug effects, COVID-19 Serological Testing, Antibodies, Neutralizing
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 vaccines, Immunoglobulin G
- Creator:
- Demonbreun, Alexis R., Sancilio, Amelia Elizabeth McMullen, Velez, Matt P., Ryan, Daniel T., Saber, Rana, Vaught, Lauren A., Reiser, Nina L., Hsieh, Ryan R., D'Aquila, Richard T., Mustanski, Brian, McNally, Elizabeth M., McDade, Thomas W.
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34278286
- Title:
- Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mei Y, Weinberg SE, Zhao LH, Frink A, Qi C, Behdad A, Ji P. Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza. Eclinicalmedicine. 2020;26:8.
- Abstract:
- Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 overlaps with the flu season. Methods: We compared clinical and laboratory results from 719 influenza and 973 COVID-19 patients from January to April 2020. We compiled laboratory results from the first 14 days of the hospitalized patients using parameters that are most significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza and hierarchically clustered COVID-19 patients. Findings: Compared to influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited a continued increase in white blood cell count, rapid decline of hemoglobin, more rapid increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and D-dimer, and higher level of alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen. COVID-19 patients were sub-classified into 5 clusters through a hierarchical clustering analysis. Medical records were reviewed and patients were risk stratified based on the clinical outcomes. The cluster with the highest risk showed 27 8% fatality, 94% ICU admission, 94% intubation, and 28% discharge rates compared to 0%, 38%, 22%, and 88% in the lowest risk cluster, respectively. Patients in the highest risk cluster had leukocytosis including neutrophilia and monocytosis, severe anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, higher BUN, creatinine, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and troponin. Interpretation: There are significant differences in the clinical and laboratory courses between COVID-19 and influenza. Risk stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using laboratory data could be useful to predict clinical outcomes and pathophysiology of these patients. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Risk Assessment, Influenza, Human
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Risk assessment, Influenza--Research
- Creator:
- Mei, Yang, Weinberg, Samuel E., Zhao, Lihui, Frink, Adam, Qi, Chao, Behdad, Amir, Ji, Peng
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33089115
- Title:
- Public attitudes towards COVID-19 contact tracing apps: A UK-based focus group study
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Williams SN, Armitage CJ, Tampe T, Dienes K. Public attitudes towards COVID-19 contact tracing apps: A UK-based focus group study. Health Expectations. 2021;24(2):377-385.
- Abstract:
- Background: During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, one of the key components of many countries' strategies to reduce the spread of the virus is contact tracing. Objective: To explore public attitudes to a COVID-19 contact tracing app in the United Kingdom. Setting: Online video-conferencing. Participants: 27 participants, UK residents aged 18 years and older. Methods: Qualitative study consisting of six focus groups carried out between 1st-12th May, 2020 (39-50 days into the UK 'lockdown'). Results: Participants were divided as to whether or not they felt they would use the app. Analysis revealed five themes: (1) lack of information and misconceptions surrounding COVID-19 contact tracing apps; (2) concerns over privacy; (3) concerns over stigma; (4)concerns over uptake; and (5) contact tracing as the 'greater good'. Concerns over privacy, uptake and stigma were particularly significant amongst those stated they will not be using the app, and the view that the app is for the 'greater good' was particularly significant amongst those who stated they will be using the app. One of the most common misconceptions about the app was that it could allow users to specifically identify and map COVID-19 cases amongst their contacts and in their vicinity. Conclusions: Our participants were torn over whether digital contact tracing is a good idea or not, and views were heavily influenced by moral reasoning. Patient or Public Contribution: No patients were involved in this study. The public were not involved in the development of the research questions, research design or outcome measures. A pilot focus group with participants not included in the present paper was used to help test and refine the focus group questions. Summary results were disseminated via email to participants prior to publication for feedback and comment.
- Keyword:
- contact tracing, COVID-19, public attitudes, public health
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Contact Tracing, Public Opinion
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Contact tracing (Epidemiology)
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Great Britain
- Creator:
- Williams, Simon Nicholas, Armitage, Christopher J., Tampe, Tova, Dienes, Kimberly
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33434404
123. Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers
- Title:
- Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Graham EL, Clark JR, Orban ZS, Lim PH, Szymanski AL, Taylor C, DiBiase RM, Jia DT, Balabanov R, Ho SU, Batra A, Liotta EM, Koralnik IJ. Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 "long haulers". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2021;8(5):1073-1085.
- Abstract:
- Objective: Most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals never require hospitalization. However, some develop prolonged symptoms. We sought to characterize the spectrum of neurologic manifestations in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers. Methods: This is a prospective study of the first 100 consecutive patients (50 SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-positive (SARS-CoV-2(+)) and 50 laboratory-negative (SARS-CoV-2(-)) individuals) presenting to our Neuro-Covid-19 clinic between May and November 2020. Due to early pandemic testing limitations, patients were included if they met Infectious Diseases Society of America symptoms of Covid-19, were never hospitalized for pneumonia or hypoxemia, and had neurologic symptoms lasting over 6 weeks. We recorded the frequency of neurologic symptoms and analyzed patient-reported quality of life measures and standardized cognitive assessments. Results: Mean age was 43.2 +/- 11.3 years, 70% were female, and 48% were evaluated in televisits. The most frequent comorbidities were depression/anxiety (42%) and autoimmune disease (16%). The main neurologic manifestations were: brain fog (81%), headache (68%), numbness/tingling (60%), dysgeusia (59%), anosmia (55%), and myalgias (55%), with only anosmia being more frequent in SARS-CoV-2(+) than SARS-CoV-2(-) patients (37/50 [74%] vs. 18/50 [36%]; p < 0.001). Moreover, 85% also experienced fatigue. There was no correlation between time from disease onset and subjective impression of recovery. Both groups exhibited impaired quality of life in cognitive and fatigue domains. SARS-CoV-2(+) patients performed worse in attention and working memory cognitive tasks compared to a demographic-matched US population (T-score 41.5 [37, 48.25] and 43 [37.5, 48.75], respectively; both p < 0.01). Interpretation: Non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers experience prominent and persistent brain fog and fatigue that affect their cognition and quality of life.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Neurologic Manifestations, Cognitive Dysfunction
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Cognition disorders
- Creator:
- Graham, Edith L., Clark, Jeffrey R., Orban, Zachary S., Lim, Patrick H., Szymanski, April L., Taylor, Carolyn, DiBiase, Rebecca M., Jia, Dan Tong, Balabanov, Roumen Deltchev, Ho, Sam U., Batra, Ayush, Liotta, Eric Michael, Koralnik, Igor Jerome
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33755344
- Title:
- Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Mok VCT, Pendlebury S, Wong A, Alladi S, Au L, Bath PM, Biessels GJ, Chen C, Cordonnier C, Dichgans M, Dominguez J, Gorelick PB, Kim S, Kwok T, Greenberg SM, Jia J, Kalaria R, Kivipelto M, Naegandran K, Lam LCW, Lam BYK, Lee ATC, Markus HS, O'Brien J, Pai MC, Pantoni L, Sachdev P, Skoog I, Smith EE, Srikanth V, Suh GH, Wardlaw J, Ko H, Black SE, Scheltens P. Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future. Alzheimers & Dementia. 2020;16(11):1571-1581.
- Abstract:
- We have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID-19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and the challenges encountered in our management of dementia in different health-care settings, including hospital, outpatient, care homes, and the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have also proposed a conceptual framework and practical suggestions for health-care providers in tackling these challenges, which can also apply to the care of older people in general, with or without other neurological diseases, such as stroke or parkinsonism. We believe this review will provide strategic directions and set standards for health-care leaders in dementia, including governmental bodies around the world in coordinating emergency response plans for protecting and caring for older people with dementia amid the COIVD-19 outbreak, which is likely to continue at varying severity in different regions around the world in the medium term.
- Keyword:
- Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19, dementia, older people
- Subject: MESH:
- Alzheimer Disease--therapy, Dementia--therapy, Aged, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- Alzheimer's disease--Patients--Care, Dementia--Patients--Care, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
- Creator:
- Mok, Vincent C. T., Pendlebury, Sarah, Wong, Adrian, Alladi, Suvarna, Au, Lisa, Bath, Philip M., Biessels, Geert Jan, Chen, Christopher, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Dichgans, Martin, Dominguez, Jacqueline, Gorelick, Philip B., Kim, SangYun, Kwok, Timothy, Greenberg, Steven M., Jia, Jianping, Kalaria, Rajesh, Kivipelto, Miia, Naegandran, Kandiah, Lam, Linda C. W., Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, Lee, Allen T. C., Markus, Hugh S., O'Brien, John, Pai, Ming-Chyi, Pantoni, Leonardo, Sachdev, Perminder, Skoog, Ingmar, Smith, Eric E., Srikanth, Velandai, Suh, Guk-Hee, Wardlaw, Joanna, Ko, Ho, Black, Sandra E., Scheltens, Philip
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32789951
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 identified by universal preoperative COVID-19 testing prior to emergency surgery: Case of an asymptomatic pediatric patient requiring emergency surgery
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Racette SD, Lavin JM, Kociolek LK, Zheng XTT, Haverkamp KS, Rosenthal LHS. SARS-CoV-2 identified by universal preoperative COVID-19 testing prior to emergency surgery: Case of an asymptomatic pediatric patient requiring emergency surgery. Clinical Case Reports. 2021;9(6):3.
- Abstract:
- This case highlights the importance of identifying SARS-CoV-2 preoperatively, irrespective of symptoms, as symptoms may be mild, especially in children compared to adults, and asymptomatic carriers can have high viral loads and be infectious.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, emergency, pediatric, SARS-CoV-2, surgery
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Testing, Infant
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)--Testing
- Creator:
- Racette, Samuel D., Lavin, Jennifer M., Kociolek, Larry K., Zheng, Xiotian T., Haverkamp, Karen Susan, Swibel Rosenthal, Laura H.
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Case Reports, Journal Article
126. Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients
- Title:
- Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Liotta EM, Batra A, Clark JR, Shlobin NA, Hoffman SC, Orban ZS, Koralnik IJ. Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2020;7(11):2221-2230.
- Abstract:
- Objective: Covid-19 can involve multiple organs including the nervous system. We sought to characterize the neurologic manifestations, their risk factors, and associated outcomes in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Methods: We examined neurologic manifestations in 509 consecutive patients admitted with confirmed Covid-19 within a hospital network in Chicago, Illinois. We compared the severity of Covid-19 and outcomes in patients with and without neurologic manifestations. We also identified independent predictors of any neurologic manifestations, encephalopathy, and functional outcome using binary logistic regression. Results: Neurologic manifestations were present at Covid-19 onset in 215 (42.2%), at hospitalization in 319 (62.7%), and at any time during the disease course in 419 patients (82.3%). The most frequent neurologic manifestations were myalgias (44.8%), headaches (37.7%), encephalopathy (31.8%), dizziness (29.7%), dysgeusia (15.9%), and anosmia (11.4%). Strokes, movement disorders, motor and sensory deficits, ataxia, and seizures were uncommon (0.2 to 1.4% of patients each). Severe respiratory disease requiring mechanical ventilation occurred in 134 patients (26.3%). Independent risk factors for developing any neurologic manifestation were severe Covid-19 (OR 4.02; 95% CI 2.04-8.89; P < 0.001) and younger age (OR 0.982; 95% CI 0.968-0.996; P = 0.014). Of all patients, 362 (71.1%) had a favorable functional outcome at discharge (modified Rankin Scale 0-2). However, encephalopathy was independently associated with worse functional outcome (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.11-0.42; P < 0.001) and higher mortality within 30 days of hospitalization (35 [21.7%] vs. 11 [3.2%] patients; P < 0.001). Interpretation; Neurologic manifestations occur in most hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Encephalopathy was associated with increased morbidity and mortality, independent of respiratory disease severity.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--complications, Neurologic Manifestations
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Cognition disorders
- Creator:
- Liotta, Eric M., Batra, Ayush, Clark, Jeffrey R., Shlobin, Nathan A., Hoffman, Steven C., Orban, Zachary S., Koralnik, Igor J.
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33016619
- Title:
- Fulminant myocarditis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 and rapid myocardial recovery following treatment
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Gay HC, Sinha A, Michel E, Mozer AB, Budd A, Feinstein MJ, Benzuly KH, Al-Qamari A, Pawale AA, Vorovich EE. Fulminant myocarditis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 and rapid myocardial recovery following treatment. Esc Heart Failure. 2020;7(6):4367-4370.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic increasingly encountered in the clinical setting. It typically manifests as a respiratory illness, although cardiac involvement is common and portends a worse prognosis. We present the case of a 56-year-old male admitted with COVID-19 fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock. We discuss important aspects of the multidisciplinary and interventional care involved in treating cardiogenic shock as well as the likely mechanisms of, and potential treatment for, COVID-19 myocarditis. The various pathways of myocardial injury, including direct viral damage, macrophage activation, and lymphocytic infiltration, are outlined in detail in addition to associated pathology such as cytokine release syndrome. COVID-19 is a complex and multisystem disease process; in addition to supportive care, specific consideration should be given to the underlying mechanism of injury for each patient.
- Keyword:
- Myocarditis, Cardiogenic shock, COVID-19, Mechanical support, Echocardiography, Case reports
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Myocarditis
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Myocarditis
- Creator:
- Gay, Hawkins Clark, Sinha, Arjun, Michel, Eriberto, Mozer, Anthony B., Budd, Ashley Nicole, Feinstein, Matthew J, Benzuly, Keith, Al-Qamari, Abbas, Pawale, Amit A., Vorovich, Esther Elizabeth
- Publisher:
- WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-12
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Case Reports, Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33063450
- Title:
- Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Bramante CT, Buse J, Tamaritz L, Palacio A, Cohen K, Vojta D, Liebovitz D, Mitchell N, Nicklas J, Lingvay I, Clark JM, Aronne LJ, Anderson E, Usher M, Demmer R, Melton GB, Ingraham N, Tignanelli CJ. Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(7):4273-4279.
- Abstract:
- Observational studies suggest outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Metformin is known to decrease interleukin-6 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, which appear to contribute to morbidity in COVID-19. We sought to understand whether outpatient metformin use was associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19 disease in a large US healthcare data set. Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data that was pooled across multiple EHR systems from 12 hospitals and 60 primary care clinics in the Midwest between March 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020. Inclusion criteria: data for body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) and a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test; age >= 30 and <= 85 years. Exclusion criteria: patient opt-out of research. Metformin is the exposure of interest, and death, admission, and intensive care unit admission are the outcomes of interest. Metformin was associated with a decrease in mortality from COVID-19, OR 0.32 (0.15, 0.66; p = .002), and in the propensity-matched cohorts, OR 0.38 (0.16, 0.91; p = .030). Metformin was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in hospital admission for COVID-19 in the overall cohort, OR 0.78 (0.58-1.04, p = .087). Among the subgroup with a hemoglobin HbA1c available (n = 1193), the adjusted odds of hospitalization (including adjustment for HbA1c) for metformin users was OR 0.75 (0.53-1.06, p = .105). Outpatient metformin use was associated with lower mortality and a trend towards decreased admission for COVID-19. Given metformin's low cost, established safety, and the mounting evidence of reduced severity of COVID-19 disease, metformin should be prospectively assessed for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--therapy, Metformin--therapeutic use, Overweight, Obesity
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)--Treatment, Metformin, Overweight persons
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Middle West
- Creator:
- Bramante, Carolyn T., Buse, John, Tamaritz, Leonardo, Palacio, Ana, Cohen, Ken, Vojta, Deneen, Liebovitz, David M, Mitchell, Nia, Nicklas, Jacinda, Lingvay, Ildiko, Clark, Jeanne M., Aronne, Louis J., Usher, Michael, Demmer, Ryan, Melton, Genevieve B., Ingraham, Nicholas, Tignanelli, Christopher J., Anderson, Erik William
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33580540
- Title:
- Current Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular Disease: A White Paper by the JAHA Editors
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Gupta AK, Jneid H, Addison D, Ardehali H, Boehme AK, Borgaonkar S, Boulestreau R, Clerkin K, Delarche N, DeVon HA, Grumbach IM, Gutierrez J, Jones DA, Kapil V, Maniero C, Mentias A, Miller PS, Ng SM, Parekh JD, Sanchez RH, Sawicki KT, te Riele A, Remme CA, London B. Current Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular Disease: A White Paper by the JAHA Editors. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(12):23.
- Abstract:
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 3.0 million people worldwide and killed more than 200,000 as of April 27, 2020. In this White Paper, we address the cardiovascular co-morbidities of COVID-19 infection; the diagnosis and treatment of standard cardiovascular conditions during the pandemic; and the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection. In addition, we will also address various issues related to the safety of healthcare workers and the ethical issues related to patient care in this pandemic.
- Keyword:
- cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, management, SARS-CoV-2, treatment
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--complications, Cardiovascular Diseases
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Cardiovascular system--Diseases
- Creator:
- Gupta, Ajay K., Jneid, Hani, Addison, Daniel, Ardehali, Hossein, Boehme, Amelia K., Borgaonkar, Sanket, Boulestreau, Romain, Clerkin, Kevin, Delarche, Nicolas, DeVon, Holli A., Grumbach, Isabella M., Gutierrez, Jose, Jones, Daniel A., Kapil, Vikas, Maniero, Carmela, Mentias, Amgad, Miller, Pamela S., Ng, Sher May, Parekh, Jai D., Sanchez, Reynaldo H., Sawicki, Konrad Teodor, te Riele, Anneline S. J. M., Remme, Carol Ann, London, Barry
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-06-16
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32347144
- Title:
- Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID-19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Farr E, Wolfe AR, Deshmukh S, Rydberg L, Soriano R, Walter JM, Boon AJ, Wolfe LF, Franz CK. Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID-19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2021;8(8):1745-1749.
- Abstract:
- Many survivors from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from persistent dyspnea and fatigue long after resolution of the active infection. In a cohort of 21 consecutive severe post-COVID-19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital, 16 (76%) of them had at least one sonographic abnormality of diaphragm muscle structure or function. This corresponded to a significant reduction in diaphragm muscle contractility as represented by thickening ratio (muscle thickness at maximal inspiration/end-expiration) for the post-COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 cohorts. These findings may shed new light on neuromuscular respiratory dysfunction as a contributor to prolonged functional impairments after hospitalization for post-COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--complications, Diaphragm--physiopathology, Diaphragm--diagnostic imaging
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease)--Complications, Diaphragm
- Creator:
- Farr, Ellen Marie, Wolfe, Alexis R., Deshmukh, Swati, Rydberg, Leslie Katherine, Soriano, Rachna, Walter, James McCauley, Boon, Andrea J., Wolfe, Lisa F, Franz, Colin K
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34247452
- Title:
- Effects of Web-Based Group Mindfulness Training on Stress and Sleep Quality in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Equivalence Analysis
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Lim JL, Leow Z, Ong JS, Pang LS, Lim E. Effects of Web-Based Group Mindfulness Training on Stress and Sleep Quality in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Equivalence Analysis. Jmir Mental Health. 2021;8(3):11.
- Abstract:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted psychological health. Mindfulness training, which helps individuals attend to the present moment with a nonjudgmental attitude, improves sleep and reduces stress during regular times. Mindfulness training may also be relevant to the mitigation of harmful health consequences during acute crises. However, certain restrictions may necessitate the web-based delivery of mindfulness training (ie, rather than in-person group training settings). Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the effects of mindfulness interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based interventions. Methods: Data from an ongoing study were used for this retrospective equivalence analysis. Recruited participants were enrollees from mindfulness courses at a local charity organization that promoted mental wellness. This study had no exclusion criteria. We created three groups; two groups received their training during the COVID-19 pandemic (in-person training group: n=36; videoconferencing group: n=38), and a second control group included participants who were trained before the pandemic (n=86). Our primary outcomes were self-reported stress and sleep quality. Baseline levels and changes in these variables due to mindfulness training were compared among the groups via an analysis of covariance test and two one-tailed t tests. Results: Baseline perceived stress (P=.50) and sleep quality (P=.22) did not differ significantly among the three groups. Mindfulness training significantly reduced stress in all three groups (P<.001), and this effect was statistically significant when comparing videoconferencing to in-person training (P=.002). Sleep quality improved significantly in the prepandemic training group (P<.001). However, sleep quality did not improve in the groups that received training during the pandemic. Participants reported that they required shorter times to initiate sleep following prepandemic mindfulness training (P<.001), but this was not true for those who received training during the pandemic. Course attendance was high and equivalent across the videoconferencing and comparison groups (P=.02), and participants in the videoconferencing group engaged in marginally more daily practice than the in-person training group. Conclusions: Web-based mindfulness training via videoconferencing may be a useful intervention for reducing stress during times when traditional, in-person training is not feasible. However, it may not be useful for improving sleep quality.
- Keyword:
- mindfulness, COVID-19, videoconference, perceived stress, sleep quality, intervention, telehealth, mental health, psychology, equivalence trial
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19--psychology, Mindfulness, Psychological Distress, Sleep Quality, Telemedicine
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, Mindfulness (Psychology)
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Singapore
- Creator:
- Lim, Julian, Leow, Zaven, Ong, Jason C, Pang, Ly-Shan, Lim, Eric
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33482627
- Title:
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFN-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Geng H, Subramanian S, Wu LT, Bu HF, Wang X, Du C, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFN gamma-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:11.
- Abstract:
- Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a disease that involves significant lung tissue damage. How SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lung injury remains elusive. The open reading frame 8 (ORF8) protein of SARS-CoV-2 (ORF8(SARS-CoV-2)) is a unique accessory protein, yet little is known about its cellular function. We examined the cellular distribution of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) and its role in the regulation of human lung epithelial cell proliferation and antiviral immunity. Using live imaging and immunofluorescent staining analyses, we found that ectopically expressed ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) forms aggregates in the cytosol and nuclear compartments of lung epithelial cells. Using in silico bioinformatic analysis, we found that ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) possesses an intrinsic aggregation characteristic at its N-terminal residues 1-18. Cell culture did not reveal any effects of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) expression on lung epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, suggesting that ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) aggregates do not affect these cellular processes. Interestingly, ectopic expression of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) in lung epithelial cells suppressed basal expression of several antiviral molecules, including DHX58, ZBP1, MX1, and MX2. In addition, expression of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) attenuated the induction of antiviral molecules by IFN gamma but not by IFN beta in lung epithelial cells. Taken together, ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) is a unique viral accessory protein that forms aggregates when expressing in lung epithelial cells. It potently inhibits the expression of lung cellular anti-viral proteins at baseline and in response to IFN gamma in lung epithelial cells, which may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 escape from the host antiviral innate immune response during early viral infection. In addition, it seems that formation of ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) aggregate is independent from the viral infection. Thus, it would be interesting to examine whether any COVID-19 patients exhibit persistent ORF8 SARS-CoV-2 expression after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. If so, the pathogenic effect of prolonged ORF8(SARS-CoV-2) expression and its association with post-COVID symptoms warrant investigation in the future.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein, ORF8, lung epithelial cells, interferon signaling, inflammation, ORF8 protein, SARS-CoV-2 cytology
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Epithelial Cells--pathology
- Subject: LCSH:
- Viral proteins, Epithelial cells, Cytology
- Creator:
- Geng, Hua, Subramanian, Saravanan, Wu, Longtao, Bu, Heng-Fu, Wang, Xiao, Duan, Chao, De Plaen, Isabelle G., Tan, Xiao-Di
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34177923
- Title:
- Pandemic Pressure: Teledermatology and Health Care Disparities
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Rustad AM, Lio PA. Pandemic Pressure: Teledermatology and Health Care Disparities. Journal of Patient Experience. 2021; 8:5.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, telemedicine, telehealth, patient engagement, access to care
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Telemedicine, Patient Participation, Health Services Accessibility
- Creator:
- Rustad, Andrea Mary, Lio, Peter A
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02-22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34179385
- Title:
- Guardians at the Gate: Early Adversity, Neurocognitive Development, and the Role of the Pediatrician in the Era of COVID-19
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Berken JA, Heard-Garris N, Wakschlag LS. Guardians at the Gate: Early Adversity, Neurocognitive Development, and the Role of the Pediatrician in the Era of COVID-19. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:6.
- Abstract:
- Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) profoundly impact neurocognitive development. Specifically, when these events occur during critical periods of brain plasticity, a time of significant synaptogenesis, neural pruning, and myelination, typical neurodevelopment can become derailed. Adverse childhood experiences promote morphological changes in neuronal microcircuitry which may lead to diminished cognitive flexibility, inattention, increased impulsivity, decreased school readiness, and disruptive behaviors. In this regard, the current COVID-19 pandemic represents an especially complex adverse experience that disturbs a child's social milieu and support network, likely interfering with brain maturation and executive function. Here, we take a neurodevelopmental approach to argue for the critical role that pediatricians must fulfill in mitigating the potentially detrimental consequences of COVID-19. We call for ACE screening and anticipatory guidance in the primary care setting, and the use of validated interventions and skills to bolster resilience, when ACEs are identified. We present a clinical workflow for the physician to proactively assess, identify, stratify, and address the severity of ACEs worsened by COVID-19. We discuss home-based activities and resources for children and adolescents to promote stress reduction, connectiveness, and self-awareness and create a more positive environment to maximize neurodevelopmental potential in the face of the ongoing pandemic.
- Keyword:
- adverse child experiences, brain development, toxic stress, COVID-19, neurocognition
- Subject: MESH:
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, COVID-19, Child Development, Stress, Psychological
- Creator:
- Berken, Jonathan Andrew, Heard-Garris, Nia Jenee, Wakschlag, Lauren S
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-14
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33937157
- Title:
- Anticoagulation practice patterns in COVID-19: A global survey
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Rosovsky RP, Sanfilippo KM, Wang TF, Rajan SK, Shah S, Martin KA, Ainle FN, Huisman M, Hunt BJ, Kahn SR, Kevane B, Lee AYY, McLintock C, Kreuziger LB. Anticoagulation practice patterns in COVID-19: A global survey. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;4(6):969-983.
- Abstract:
- Background Best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown due to limited published data in this population. Objectives We aimed to assess current global practice and experience in management of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy to identify information to guide prospective and randomized studies. Methods Physicians were queried about their current approach to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID-19 using an online survey tool distributed through multiple international organizations between April 10 and 14, 2020. Results Five hundred fifteen physicians from 41 countries responded. The majority of respondents (78%) recommended prophylactic anticoagulation for all hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with most recommending use of low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. Significant practice variation was found regarding the need for dose escalation of anticoagulation outside the setting of confirmed or suspected VTE. Respondents reported the use of bedside testing when unable to perform standard diagnostic imaging for diagnosis of VTE. Two hundred ninety-one respondents reported observing thrombotic complications in their patients, with 64% noting that the complication was pulmonary embolism. Of the 44% of respondents who estimated incidence of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 in their hospital, estimates ranged widely from 1% to 50%. One hundred seventy-four respondents noted bleeding complications (34% minor bleeding, 14% clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and 12% major bleeding). Conclusion Well-designed epidemiologic studies are urgently needed to understand the incidence and risk factors of VTE and bleeding complications in patients with COVID-19. Randomized clinical trials addressing use of anticoagulation are also needed.
- Keyword:
- anticoagulants, bleeding, blood coagulation, COVID-19, venous thromboembolism
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Anticoagulants, Blood Coagulation, Venous Thromboembolism, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Blood--Coagulation, Thromboembolism
- Creator:
- Rosovsky, Rachel, Sanfilippo, Kristen M., Wang, Tzu Fei, Rajan, Sandeep K., Shah, Surbhi, Martin, Karlyn A, Ni Ainle, Fionnuala, Huisman, Menno, Hunt, Beverley J., Kahn, Susan R., Kevane, Barry, Lee, Agnes Y. Y., McLintock, Claire, Kreuziger, Lisa Baumann
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32838111
- Title:
- The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Ye JC. The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jmir Medical Informatics. 2020;8(7):8.
- Abstract:
- At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak telethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful weapons to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.
- Keyword:
- health technology, health information system, COVID-19, artificial intelligence, telemedicine, big data, privacy, internet of things
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things, Biomedical Technology, Health Information Systems
- Creator:
- Ye, Jiancheng
- Publisher:
- JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32568725
- Title:
- Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Jin H, Zhao ZG, Lan Q, Zhou HT, Mai ZS, Wang Y, Ding XW, Zhang WT, Pi J, Evans CE, Liu XG. Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;11:10.
- Abstract:
- The cytokine storm or cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is associated with high mortality in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), for example following sepsis or infectious diseases including COVID-19. However, there are no effective treatments for CSS-associated ALI or ALI/ARDS. Thus, there remains an urgent need to develop effective drugs and therapeutic strategies against CSS and ALI/ARDS. Nasal and inhaled drug delivery methods represent a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory lung disease as a result of their ability to improve drug delivery to lungs. Improving the nasal mucosa absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs with poor mucosa bioavailability to a therapeutically effective level is another promising strategy in the fight against ALI/ARDS. Here, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with hesperidin (HPD/NPs) were developed for nasal delivery of the anti-inflammatory HPD compound to inflammatory lungs. In vitro and in vivo, HPD/NPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake in the inflammatory microenvironment compared with free HPD. In a mouse model of inflammatory lung disease, the HPD/NPs markedly inhibited lung injury as evidenced by reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and suppressed vascular permeability compared with free HPD. Collectively, our study demonstrates that nasal delivery of HPD/NPs suppresses CSS and ALI/ARDS in a murine model of inflammatory lung disease, and that nanoparticle-based treatment strategies with anti-inflammatory effects could be used to reduce CSS and ALI in patients with inflammatory lung injury.
- Keyword:
- cytokine storm syndrome, hesperidin, chitosan nanoparticle, lung inflammation, nasal drug delivery
- Subject: MESH:
- Hesperidin, Chitosan, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Acute Lung Injury, Administration, Intranasal
- Creator:
- Jin, Hua, Zhao, Zuguo, Lan, Qian, Zhou, Haotong, Mai, Zesen, Wang, Yuan, Ding, Xiaowen, Zhang, Wenting, Pi, Jiang, Evans, Colin Edward, Liu, Xinguang
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01-27
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33584267
- Title:
- Attributes of Persona Profiles for the Network of the National Library of Medicine
- Description:
- This interactive poster created for the Medical Library Association annual meeting, 2022 shows two examples persona profiles of users of the services of the Network of the National Library of Medicine. Through this poster the authors will collect feedback on the attributes (highlighted) outlining the characteristics of the user personas, to see if these attributes are relevant or whether they should be updated.
- Keyword:
- Personas, Network of the National Library of Medicine
- Subject: MESH:
- User-Centered Design
- Creator:
- Gonzales, Sara, Asikin-Garmager, Asih, Bramble, John, Dietz-Castel, Miles, Holmes, Kristi, Kilham, Jessica, Knapp, Molly, Newman, Bobbi, Nguyen, Tony, Ossom-Williamson, Peace, Pierce-Farrier, Katie, Shin, Nancy, Van Der Volgen, Jessi
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Poster
- Title:
- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: COVID-19 hasn't made the challenge go away
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Waterer G, Pickens CI, Wunderink R. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: COVID-19 hasn't made the challenge go away. Respirology. 2021;26(11):1024-1026.
- Keyword:
- antibiotics, antimicrobial stewardship, bacteria, pneumonia, resistance, end of life, care
- Subject: MESH:
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Pneumonia, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Terminal Care
- Subject: LCSH:
- Antibiotics, Pneumonia, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Terminal care
- Creator:
- Waterer, Grant W, Pickens, Chiagozie Ifeoma, Wunderink, Richard G
- Publisher:
- John Wiley & Sons
- Page Number:
- 3
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-10-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Editorial
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34596927
- Title:
- Changes in Primary Care Visits in the 24 Weeks After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Relative to the Comparable Time Period in 2019 in Metropolitan Chicago and Northern Illinois
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Macy ML, Huetteman P, Kan K. Changes in Primary Care Visits in the 24 Weeks After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Relative to the Comparable Time Period in 2019 in Metropolitan Chicago and Northern Illinois. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health. 2020;11:7.
- Abstract:
- Objective: In this brief report, we characterize pediatric primary care service utilization in metropolitan Chicago over the first 24 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic response in relation to the comparable time period in 2019. Methods: We examined retrospective visit and billing data, regardless of payer, from 16 independent pediatric practices that utilize a common electronic medical record platform within an Accountable Care Organization of 252 pediatricians in 71 offices throughout metropolitan Chicago. We categorized visits as Well-Child and Immunization-Only (WC-IO) or Other types and identified visits with a telemedicine billing modifier. Diagnoses for Other visits were tallied and categorized using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Classification System. We summarized counts of visits and the proportion of visits with a telemedicine billing modifier in one-week epochs for 2020 compared with 2019. Results: There were 102 942 total visits (72 030 WC-IO; 30 912 Other) in 2020 and 144 672 visits (80 578 WC-IO; 64 094 Other) in 2019. WC-IO visits in 2020 were half of 2019 visits at the start of the Illinois Stay-at-Home Order and returned greater than 90% of 2019 visits in 8 weeks. Other visit types have remained below 70% of 2019 visits. A telemedicine billing modifier peaked in mid-April (21% of all visits) and declined to <10% of all visits in June (Phase 2 reopening). The top 10 most common diagnoses differed between years. Conclusions: Recovery of well child and immunization visits suggests that practice-level efforts and policy change can ensure children receive recommended care as the pandemic evolves.
- Keyword:
- pediatric, primary care, utilization, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- Pediatrics, COVID-19, Utilization Review, Primary Health Care
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago, Illinois--Northern
- Creator:
- Macy, Michelle Lea, Huetteman, Patricia, Kan, Kristin
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33174495
- Title:
- Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Weiner JA, Swiatek PR, Johnson DJ, Louie PK, Harada GK, McCarthy MH, Germscheid N, Cheung JPY, Neva MH, El-Sharkawi M, Valacco M, Sciubba DM, Chutkan NB, An HS, Samartzis D. Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact. Global Spine Journal. 2022;12(2):249-262.
- Abstract:
- Study Design: Cross-sectional observational cohort study. Objective: To investigate preparation, response, and economic impact of COVID-19 on private, public, academic, and privademic spine surgeons. Methods: AO Spine COVID-19 and Spine Surgeon Global Impact Survey includes domains on surgeon demographics, location of practice, type of practice, COVID-19 perceptions, institutional preparedness and response, personal and practice impact, and future perceptions. The survey was distributed by AO Spine via email to members (n = 3805). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify differences between practice settings. Results: A total of 902 surgeons completed the survey. In all, 45.4% of respondents worked in an academic setting, 22.9% in privademics, 16.1% in private practice, and 15.6% in public hospitals. Academic practice setting was independently associated with performing elective and emergent spine surgeries at the time of survey distribution. A majority of surgeons reported a >75% decrease in case volume. Private practice and privademic surgeons reported losing income at a higher rate compared with academic or public surgeons. Practice setting was associated with personal protective equipment availability and economic issues as a source of stress. Conclusions: The current study indicates that practice setting affected both preparedness and response to COVID-19. Surgeons in private and privademic practices reported increased worry about the economic implications of the current crisis compared with surgeons in academic and public hospitals. COVID-19 decreased overall clinical productivity, revenue, and income. Government response to the current pandemic and preparation for future pandemics needs to be adaptable to surgeons in all practice settings.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, coronavirus, spine, surgeons, private practice, global impact
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Spine, Surgeons, Private Practice, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Creator:
- Weiner, Joseph Arnold, Swiatek, Peter Raymond, Johnson, Daniel James, Louie, Philip K., Harada, Garrett K., McCarthy, Michael H., Germscheid, Niccole, Cheung, Jason P. Y., Neva, Marko H., El-Sharkawi, Mohammad, Valacco, Marcelo, Sciubba, Daniel M., Chutkan, Norman B., An, Howard S., Samartzis, Dino
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-08-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32762354
- Title:
- A Perspective on Emerging Therapeutic Interventions for COVID-19
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Torequl Islam M, Nasiruddin M, Khan IN, Mishra SK, Kudrat-E-Zahan M, Alam Riaz T, Ali ES, Rahman MS, Mubarak MS, Martorell M, Cho WC, Calina D, Docea AO and Sharifi-Rad J (2020) A Perspective on Emerging Therapeutic Interventions for COVID-19. Front. Public Health 8:281. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00281
- Abstract:
- Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses with an unusual large RNA genome and a unique replication mechanism, which are characterized by club-like spikes that protrude from their surface. An outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 infection has posed significant threat to the health and economies in the whole world. This article reviewed the viral replication, pathogenicity, prevention and treatment strategies. With a lack of approved treatment options for this virus, alternative approaches to control the spread of disease is in urgent need. This article also covers some management strategies which may be applied to this virus outbreak. Ongoing clinical studies related to possible treatments for COVID-19, potential vaccines, and alternative medication such as natural compounds are also discussed.
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, public health, control, therapeutics
- Subject: MESH:
- SARS-CoV-2, Therapeutics, COVID-19, Public Health
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Therapeutics
- Creator:
- Torequl Islam, Muhammad, Nasiruddin, Md., Khan, Ishaq N., Mishra, Siddhartha Kumar, Kudrat-E-Zahan, Md., Alam Riaz, Thoufiqul, Ali, Eunus S., Rahman, M. Safiur, Mubarak, Mohammad S., Martorell, Miquel, Cho, William C., Calina, Daniela, Docea, Anca Oana, Sharifi-Rad, Javad
- Publisher:
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-07-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Review
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32733837
- Title:
- Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Swords C, Bergman L, Wilson-Jeffers R, Randall D, Morris LL, Brenner MJ, Arora A. Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community. Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology. 2021;130(3):262-272.
- Abstract:
- Objectives: To report experience with a global multidisciplinary tracheostomy e-learning initiative Methods: An international multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to build a virtual learning community for tracheostomy care, comprising a web-based platform, five distance learning (interactive webinar) sessions, and professional discourse over 12 months. Structured pre- and post-webinar surveys were disseminated to global participants including otolaryngologists, intensivists, nurses, allied health professionals, and patients/caregivers. Data were collected on audio-visual fidelity, demographics, and pre- and post-tutorial assessments regarding experience and skill acquisition. Participants reported confidence levels for NICU, pediatric, adult, and family care, as well as technical skills, communication, learning, assessment, and subdomains. Results: Participants from 197 institutions in 22 countries engaged in the virtual education platform, including otolaryngologists, speech pathologists, respiratory therapists, specialist nurses, patients, and caregivers. Significant improvements were reported in communication (P < .0001), clinical assessments (P < .0001), and clinical governance (P < .0001), with positive impact on pediatric decannulation (P = .0008), adult decannulation (P = .04), and quality improvement (P < .0001). Respondents reported enhanced readiness to integrate knowledge into practice. Barriers included time zones, internet bandwidth, and perceived difficulty of direct clinical translation of highly technical skills. Participants rated the implementation highly in terms of length, ability for discussion, satisfaction, applicability to professional practice, and expertise of discussants (median scores: 4, 4, 4, 4 and 5 out of 5). Conclusions: Virtual learning has dominated the education landscape during COVID-19 pandemic, but few data are available on its effectiveness. This study demonstrated feasibility of virtual learning for disseminating best practices in tracheostomy, engaging a diverse, multidisciplinary audience. Learning of complex technical skills proved a hurdle, however, suggesting need for hands-on experience for technical mastery. While interactive videoconferencing via webinar affords an engaging and scalable strategy for sharing knowledge, further investigation is needed on clinical outcomes to define effective strategies for experiential online learning and virtual in-service simulations.
- Keyword:
- e-Learning, medical education, tracheostomy, patient safety, quality improvement, distance learning, webinar
- Subject: MESH:
- Education, Medical, Tracheostomy, Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, Education, Distance
- Creator:
- Swords, Chloe, Bergman, Lina, Wilson-Jeffers, Rachel, Randall, Diane, Morris, Linda L, Brenner, Michael J., Arora, Asit
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 32680435
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3, S1 - DESeq Results MvAL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3, S1 - DESeq Results MvL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3, S1 - DESeq Results LvAL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3ab, S1 - GSEA Results MvL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 3ab, S1 - GSEA Results LvAL
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 2b - Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- O'Conor R, Opsasnick L, Pack A, Benavente JY, Curtis LM, Lovett RM, Luu H, Wismer G, Kwasny MJ, Federman AD, Bailey SC, Wolf MS. Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health. 2021;12:7.
- Abstract:
- Objectives: Physical distancing precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic may challenge the provision of tangible support many middle age and older adults receive in managing their health. We examined the association between unmet tangible support needs and self-management behaviors and mental health status during the stay-at-home orders in Chicago and New York. Methods: We used data from the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions study collected between May 1st and May 22nd, 2020. A total of 801 middle age and older adults with >= 1 chronic condition in Chicago and New York City completed the telephone interview. Adequacy of tangible social support was measured using a brief, validated scale that determined whether an individual needed assistance managing his or her health, and if yes, whether this need was met. Participants reported their level of difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors using 2 discrete items; they also self-reported medication adherence using the ASK-I2 medication adherence scale. Mental health status was measured using the depression and anxiety PROMIS short-form instruments. Results: Participants' mean age was 63 years; 30% identified as Black, 26% identified as Latino, and 12% identified unmet support needs. Inadequacy of tangible support was associated with greater difficulty managing one's health and accessing medications due to COVID-19, as well as poorer medication adherence, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer overall well-being (P's <.05). Conclusions: Perceived unmet support needs during stay-at-home orders were associated with greater difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors and poorer overall well-being. Two brief items quickly identified individuals with unmet support needs.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, social support, tangible assistance
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Social Support
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago, New York (State)--New York
- Creator:
- O'Conor, Rachel, Opsasnick, Lauren, Pack, Allison Prickett, Curtis, Laura Marie, Lovett, Rebecca Mullen, Luu, Han Quoc, Wismer, Guisselle Andrea, Kwasny, Mary Jeanne, Federman, Alex D., Bailey, Stacy Cooper, Wolf, Michael, Yoshino Benavente, Julia Noelani
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34109874
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1d - Flow Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1e - Boolean gating data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1b - MSD Data
- Keyword:
- immunology
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Fig 1a - Blot Quantification Data
- Keyword:
- immunology, mTOR
- Creator:
- Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
155. Staying Ahead of the Future: Developing Your Library's Collection Philosophy and Policy (handout)
- Title:
- Staying Ahead of the Future: Developing Your Library's Collection Philosophy and Policy (handout)
- Description:
- Handout prepared for use in an on-site Medical Library Association session held May 5, 2022 in New Orleans, LA. The session, planned and convened by the handout authors, was one in a series of six that were part of: "The Big-Not-So-Easy: 21st Century Health Sciences Collection Development & Resource Sharing Symposium". This session included on-site speaker, Montie' L. Dobbins and recorded film clips by: Karen H. Gau, Karen Hanus, and Susan K. Kendall. Highlights from participant discussions were summarized in the handout update after the session.
- Keyword:
- collection development policies, collection development philosophies
- Subject: MESH:
- Libraries, Medical, Libraries, Hospital, Library Collection Development
- Subject: LCSH:
- Collection development (Libraries)--Policy statements
- Creator:
- Kubilius, Ramune, Lawrence, Janna C.
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Location:
- New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-04-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Bibliography
- Title:
- Calantone et al 2022 Commun Biol Source Data
- Description:
- Source data uploaded for the work in press at time of upload: "mTOR regulation of metabolism limits LPS-induced monocyte inflammatory and procoagulant responses."
- Abstract:
- Translocated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates monocytes via TLR4 and is hypothesized to increase cardiovascular disease risk in persons living with HIV. We tested whether mTOR activity supports LPS-stimulated monocyte production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor (TF), as it propels the inflammatory response in several immune cell types besides monocytes. However, multi-omics analyses here demonstrate that mTOR activates a metabolic pathway that limits abundance of these gene products in monocytes. Treatment of primary human monocytes with catalytic mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) increased LPS-induced polyfunctional responses, including production of IL-1, IL-6 and the pro-coagulant, TF. NF-B-driven transcriptional activity is enhanced with LPS stimulation after mTORi treatment to increase expression of F3 (TF). Moreover, intracellular NAD+ availability is restricted due to decreased salvage pathway synthesis. These results document mTOR-mediated restraint of the LPS-induced transcriptional response in monocytes and a metabolic mechanism informing strategies to reverse enhanced risk of coagulopathy in pro-inflammatory states.
- Keyword:
- metabolism, monocytes, immunology
- Subject: MESH:
- Metabolism, Monocytes, Allergy and Immunology, MTOR Inhibitors
- Contributor:
- D'Aquila, Richard Thomas, Calantone, Nina Alexandra
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Title:
- Expanding Access to COVID-19 Tests through US Postal Service Facilities
- Abstract:
- Widespread, convenient access to COVID-19 testing has been challenging in the United States. We make a case for provisioning COVID-19 tests through the United States Postal Service (USPS) facilities and demonstrate a simple method for selecting locations to improve access. We provide quantitative evidence that even a subset of USPS facilities could provide broad access, particularly in remote and at-risk communities with limited access to health care. Based on daily travel surveys, census data, locations of USPS facilities, and an established care-seeking model, we estimate that more than 94% of the US population would be willing to travel to an existing USPS facility if warranted. For half of the US population, this would require traveling less than 2.5 miles from home; for 90%, the distance would be less than 7 miles. In Georgia, Illinois, and Minnesota, we estimate that testing at USPS facilities would provide access to an additional 4.1, 3.1, and 1.3 million people and reduce the median travel distance by 3.0, 0.8, and 1.2 miles, respectively, compared with existing testing sites per 28 July 2020. We also discuss the option of distributing test-at-home kits via USPS instead of private carriers. Finally, our proposal provides USPS an opportunity to increase revenues and expand its mission, thus improving its future prospects and relevance., Singh B, Risanger S, Morton D, Pignone M, Meyers LA. Expanding Access to COVID-19 Tests through US Postal Service Facilities. Medical Decision Making. 2021;41(1):3-8.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, optimization , testing, underserved populations , USPS
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Testing, Medically Underserved Area, Postal Service
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Singh, Bismark, Risanger, Simon, Morton, David, Pignone, Michael, Meyers, Lauren Ancel
- Publisher:
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33124494
- Title:
- Acral Changes in pediatric patients during COVID 19 pandemic: Registry report from the COVID 19 response task force of the society of pediatric dermatology (SPD) and pediatric dermatology research alliance (PeDRA)
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Castelo-Soccio L, Lara-Corrales I, Paller AS, Bean E, Rangu S, Oboite M, Flohr C, Ahmad RC, Calberg V, Gilliam A, Pope E, Reynolds S, Sibbald C, Shin HT, Berger E, Schaffer J, Siegel MP, Cordoro KM. Acral Changes in pediatric patients during COVID 19 pandemic: Registry report from the COVID 19 response task force of the society of pediatric dermatology (SPD) and pediatric dermatology research alliance (PeDRA). Pediatric Dermatology. 2021;38(2):364-370.
- Abstract:
- Background/Objective In spring 2020, high numbers of children presented with acral pernio-like skin rashes, concurrent with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding their clinical characteristics/ infection status may provide prognostic information and facilitate decisions about management. Methods A pediatric-specific dermatology registry was created by the Pediatric Dermatology COVID-19 Response Task Force of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) and Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and was managed by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia using REDCap. Results Data from 378 children 0-18 years entered into the registry between April 13 and July 17, 2020 were analyzed. Data were drawn from a standardized questionnaire completed by clinicians which asked for demographics, description of acral lesions, symptoms before and after acral changes, COVID-19 positive contacts, treatment, duration of skin changes, laboratory testing including SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antibody testing, as well as histopathology. 229 (60.6%) were male with mean age of 13.0 years (+/- 3.6 years). Six (1.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Pedal lesions (often with pruritus and/or pain) were present in 96%. 30% (114/378) had COVID-19 symptoms during the 30 days prior to presentation. Most (69%) had no other symptoms and an uneventful course with complete recovery. Conclusions and Relevance Children with acral pernio-like changes were healthy and all recovered with no short-term sequelae. We believe these acral changes are not just a temporal epiphenomenon of shelter in place during the spring months of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and may be a late phase reaction that needs further study.
- Keyword:
- exanthems, skin signs of systemic disease, viral infection, COVID-19
- Subject: MESH:
- Exanthema, SARS-CoV-2, Pediatrics, COVID-19
- Subject: LCSH:
- COVID-19 (Disease), Pediatrics, Skin--Inflammation
- Creator:
- Castelo-Soccio, Leslie, Lara-Corrales, Irene, Paller, Amy, Bean, Eric, Rangu, Sneha, Oboite, Michelle, Flohr, Carsten, Ahmad, Regina-Celeste, Calberg, Valerie, Gilliam, Amy, Pope, Elena, Reynolds, Sean D., Sibbald, Cathryn, Shin, Helen T., Berger, Emily, Schaffer, Julie V., Siegel, Michael, Cordoro, Kelly M.
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-03
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33742457
- Title:
- COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: A statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Turner PJ, Ansotegui IJ, Campbell DE, Cardona V, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal Y, Fineman S, Geller M, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Greenberger PA, Leung ASY, Levin ME, Muraro A, Borges MS, Senna G, Tanno LK, Thong BYH, Worm M, Comm WAOA. COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: A statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2021;14(2):10.
- Abstract:
- Vaccines against COVID-19 (and its emerging variants) are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Vaccines often cause adverse events; however, the vast majority of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are a consequence of the vaccine stimulating a protective immune response, and not allergic in etiology. Anaphylaxis as an AEFI is uncommon, occurring at a rate of less than 1 per million doses for most vaccines. However, within the first days of initiating mass vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2, there were reports of anaphylaxis from the United Kingdom and United States. More recent data imply an incidence of anaphylaxis closer to 1:200,000 doses with respect to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. In this position paper, we discuss the background to reactions to the current COVID-19 vaccines and relevant steps to mitigate against the risk of anaphylaxis as an AEFI. We propose a global surveillance strategy led by allergists in order to understand the potential risk and generate data to inform evidence-based guidance, and thus provide reassurance to public health bodies and members of the public.
- Keyword:
- Adverse event following immunization, Anaphylaxis, COVID-19, Polyethylene glycol, Vaccine
- Subject: MESH:
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Anaphylaxis, COVID-19 Vaccines, Polyethylene Glycols
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Great Britain, United States
- Subject: Name:
- World Allergy Organization
- Creator:
- Turner, Paul J., Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Campbell, Dianne E., Cardona, Victoria, Ebisawa, Motohiro, El-Gamal, Yehia, Fineman, Stanley, Geller, Mario, Gonzalez-Estrada, Alexei, Greenberger, Paul Allen, Leung, Agnes S. Y., Levin, Michael E., Muraro, Antonella, Borges, Mario Sanchez, Senna, Gianenrico, Tanno, Luciana K., Thong, Bernard Yu-Hor, Worm, Margitta, WAO Anaphylaxis Committee
- Publisher:
- ELSEVIER
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-02
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 33558825
- Title:
- Gender-specificity of resilience in major depressive disorder
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Perlis RH, Ognyanova K, Quintana A, Green J, Santillana M, Lin JN, Druckman J, Lazer D, Simonson MD, Baum MA, Chwe HY. Gender-specificity of resilience in major depressive disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 2021;38(10):1026-1033.
- Abstract:
- Introduction The major stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic provide an opportunity to understand the extent to which protective factors against depression may exhibit gender-specificity. Method This study examined responses from multiple waves of a 50 states non-probability internet survey conducted between May 2020 and January 2021. Participants completed the PHQ-9 as a measure of depression, as well as items characterizing social supports. We used logistic regression models with population reweighting to examine association between absence of even mild depressive symptoms and sociodemographic features and social supports, with interaction terms and stratification used to investigate sex-specificity. Results Among 73,917 survey respondents, 31,199 (42.2%) reported absence of mild or greater depression-11,011/23,682 males (46.5%) and 20,188/50,235 (40.2%) females. In a regression model, features associated with greater likelihood of depression-resistance included at least weekly attendance of religious services (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.16) and greater trust in others (OR: 1.04 for a 2-unit increase, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06), along with level of social support measured as number of social ties available who could provide care (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07), talk to them (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.12), and help with employment (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08). The first two features showed significant interaction with gender (p < .0001), with markedly greater protective effects among women. Conclusion Aspects of social support are associated with diminished risk of major depressive symptoms, with greater effects of religious service attendance and trust in others observed among women than men.
- Keyword:
- depression, major depressive disorder , resilience , resilient , SARS-CoV2, survey
- Subject: MESH:
- Gender Identity, COVID-19, Depressive Disorder, Major, Depressive Disorder, Resilience, Psychological
- Creator:
- Perlis, Roy H., Ognyanova, Katherine, Quintana, Alexi, Green, Jon , Santillana, Mauricio, Lin, Jennifer, Druckman, James N, Lazer, David, Simonson, Matthew D., Baum, Matthew A., Chwe, Hanyu
- Publisher:
- WILEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-08-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Original Identifier:
- (PMID) 34370885
- Title:
- Dynamics of hidden brain states when people solve verbal puzzles
- Abstract:
- When people try to solve a problem, they go through distinct steps (encoding, ideation, evaluation, etc.) recurrently and spontaneously. To disentangle different cognitive processes that unfold throughout a trial, we applied an unsupervised machine learning method to electroencephalogram (EEG) data continuously recorded while 39 participants attempted 153 Compound Remote Associates problems (CRA). CRA problems are verbal puzzles that can be solved in either insight-leaning or analysis-leaning manner. We fitted a Hidden Markov Model to the time-frequency transformed EEG signals and decoded each trial as a time-resolved state sequence. The model characterizes hidden brain states with spectrally resolved power topography. Seven states were identified with distinct activation patterns in the theta (4-7Hz), alpha (8-9 Hz and 10-13 Hz), and gamma (25Hz 50Hz) bands. Notably, a state featuring widespread activation only in alpha-band frequency emerged, from this data-driven approach, which exhibited dynamic characteristics associated with specific temporal stages and outcomes (whether solved with insight or analysis) of the trials. The state dynamics derived from the model overlap and extend previous literature on the cognitive function of alpha oscillation: the alphastate probability peaks before stimulus onset and decreases before response. In trials solved with insight, relative to solved with analysis, the alpha-state is more likely to be visited and maintained during preparation and solving periods, and its probability declines more sharply immediately preceding a response. This novel paradigm provides a way to extract dynamic features that characterize problem-solving stages and nature of the underlying cognitive processes.
- Keyword:
- insight, creativity, problem-solving, hidden Markov model, EEG, dynamic modelling
- Subject: MESH:
- Electroencephalography, Problem Solving, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain--physiology
- Creator:
- Yu, Yuhua, Oh, Yongtaek, Kounios, John, Beeman, Mark
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Title:
- Peripartum iron deficiency anemia: A scoping review of evidence-based recommendations and practical modalities for implementation
- Keyword:
- anemia, pregnancy, guidelines
- Subject: MESH:
- Peripartum Period, Pregnancy Complications, Maternal Health Services, Prenatal Diagnosis, Anemia, Iron Deficiencies
- Creator:
- Toledo, Paloma, Banayan, Jennifer M, Miller, Emily Stinnett, Grobman, William A, Sweitzer, BobbieJean, Wafford, Q. Eileen
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-04-08
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Study Design
163. COVID-19 Community
- Title:
- COVID-19 Community
- Description:
- The COVID-19 Community houses resources on the Coronavirus (Covid-19), including clinical reports, management guidelines, and commentary authored by Feinberg School of Medicine faculty, staff, and students. By providing a specialized collection of relevant research articles, it enables us to view the Feinberg's contributions and review their latest findings related to the pandemic. The COVID-19 Community provides a centralized and reliable source of information on Feinberg's work to advance knowledge of this ongoing pandemic.
- Keyword:
- coronavirus, covid, COVID-19
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Title:
- 2021-2022 Series 07 NUCATS Goal Planning at Different Stages of One's Career
- Description:
- Develop awareness around how ones goals evolve over the course of their career. Discuss the distinction between goal setting and goal attainment. Identify strategies for developing goals (e.g., short-, intermediate, long-term) that fit within a long-term academic purpose.
- Keyword:
- NUCATS , Mentoring, Career goals
- Subject: MESH:
- Mentoring, Mentors
- Creator:
- Kalhan, Ravi, Khan, Sadiya Sana
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-04-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Title:
- Risk Factors for Violence in the Latinx Transgender Community of Chicago
- Abstract:
- This project was designed to expand on the peer-reviewed literature to understand risk factors for violence in the transgender Latinx community in Chicago, in collaboration with the Puerto Rican Cultural Center (PRCC) in Humboldt Park. The PRCC also wanted to understand how well their programming was addressing these risk factors. A 90-minute semi-structured focus group was conducted in English with 7 participants over Zoom. Participants ranged from 20-62 years of age and all self-identified as Latinx transgender Chicago residents. The focus group transcript was coded using Dedoose software for qualitative analysis and results were reported out toPRCC staff. Participants shared about difficult relationships with law enforcement, their abilities to access health services, their experience with sex work, and other important issues. Participants also stated the importance of transgender individuals advocating for progressive policies and laws, as well as the need for improved training for police and health care professionals. Recommendations for the PRCC included having their own on-site health clinic and increasing the number of group therapy and support groups for specific identities. There are a number of changes that could be made to improve the Latinx transgenderexperience in Chicago including legalizing sex work, taking a gender-affirming and trauma informed approach to health care, providing more resources for public health research with the transgender community, and new training initiatives for employers and law enforcement.
- Keyword:
- transgender , Latinx, Chicago , health clinic, trauma , law enforcement , gender non-conforming
- Subject: MESH:
- Transgender Persons, Hispanic or Latino, Risk Factors, Quality of Life, Health Services for Transgender Persons, Gender-Based Violence
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Whisler, Cailin
- Contributor:
- Puerto Rican Cultural Center of Chicago
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-19
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Delivery Complications and Postpartum Hospital Use in California
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Research on maternal birth outcomes rarely includes postpartum complications with longitudinally linked patient data. We analyze characteristics associated with delivery complications and postpartum hospital use for women in California. Methods: This population-based cohort study is based on California hospital discharge data. International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes were used to categorize the incidence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and other, route-specific delivery complications as well as preexisting and pregnancy-related conditions and principal diagnoses for postpartum hospital visits. Postpartum hospital use is a composite outcome defined as Emergency Department (ED) visits or hospital readmissions within 90 days of delivery discharge. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the association of patient-level and hospital-level characteristics with the likelihood of postpartum hospital use. Results: In 2017, there were 457,498 delivery admissions in California-licensed hospitals of which we analyzed 348,828 index deliveries with linked patient data. Among linked deliveries, 34,825 (10.0%) had an inpatient admission (4,206, 1.2%) or an ED visit (30,371, 9.2%) within 90 days of delivery discharge. Delivery complications included a 1.7% SMM rate, 7.9% rate of vaginal delivery complications, 10.0% of rate of cesarean delivery complications, and 2.9% frequency of long lengths of stay, all of which were significantly associated with postpartum hospital use. In addition, preexisting and pregnancy-related conditions, undergoing cesarean delivery, being less than 18 years old, non-Hispanic Black, or from high poverty ZIP codes or having Medicaid coverage, were also significant risk factors for postpartum hospital use. Discussion: One in ten women had a hospital visit within 90 days postpartum. Improving postpartum care is an urgent public health priority.
- Keyword:
- severe mental morbidity, postpartum , quality of care, readmission , emergency department use
- Subject: MESH:
- Postpartum Period, Pregnancy Complications, Cohort Studies, Maternal Mortality, Patient Readmission, Emergency Service, Hospital, Quality of Health Care
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- California
- Creator:
- Wang, Chen
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Health System Leaders' Perspectives on Advancing an Anchor Mission
- Abstract:
- This study is investigating the perspectives of healthcare organizations that are committed to advancing the mission of becoming a community-serving anchor institution. The specific objectives of the study are to: 1.Describe characteristics of healthcare organizations who successfully advance an anchor mission 2.Determine patterns in the attitudes of various healthcare organizations that advance an anchor mission 3.Identify challenges associated with the early steps in implementing system-level changes to become a community-serving anchor institution
- Keyword:
- healthcare organizations , community service , anchor institutions
- Subject: MESH:
- Community Health Centers
- Creator:
- Wagner, Daniel
- Contributor:
- Ackermann, Ronald T, Tandon, Darius
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-21
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- The Opioid Epidemic on the West Side of Chicago: Defining the Crisis and Exploring Harm Reduction Strategies
- Abstract:
- The purpose of the CE project was to research the Opioid epidemic on the West Side of Chicago. I explored harm reduction philosophies and interventions to reduce the prevalence of Opioid overdose.
- Keyword:
- opioid epidemic , Chicago, harm reduction
- Subject: MESH:
- Opiate Overdose, Harm Reduction, Public Policy
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Olive, Kourtney H.
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Knowledge and Perception of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young Women of Reproductive Age
- Abstract:
- Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in American women, but CVD knowledge and risk perception in women is declining. Little is known about how young women of reproductive age perceive their risk of CVD or if risk perception varies based on experience of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). The objective of this study was to determine whether women who have experienced an APO have a greater awareness of personal risk factors for CVD compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancies.Methods and Results: A self-administered online survey was distributed to 5,612 women who gave birth at an urban medical center between January 1 and July 1, 2020. Of 714 respondents, 182 (25%) reported experiencing an APO, which was defined as self-report of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth, or a low birth weight infant. There was no significant difference in CVD knowledge scores between womenwho reported experiencing an APO and women with uncomplicated pregnancies (p= 0.51), and similar proportions of women in both groups (62%) identified CVD as the leading cause of death in women. Most women associated HDP (81%) and GDM (82%) with CVD risk, while few recognized preterm birth (13%) or low birth weight (11%) as CVD risk factors. Women who experienced an APO reported higher perception of risk for future CVD (adjusted odds ratio, 2.64[95% CI 1.83-3.80]) in comparison to women with uncomplicated pregnancies. However, half of women who experienced an APO reported average or below average risk for CVD, and only 41 (22.5%) reported speaking with a healthcare professional about CVD within the past year.Conclusions: The women in our sample were generally well educated about CVD risk factors, but significant gaps remain in the overall perception of personal CVD risk along with knowledge deficits related to a subset of pregnancy-related CVD risk factors and CVD mortality in women.
- Keyword:
- cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, risk factors, women
- Subject: MESH:
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Women's Health, Pregnancy Complications, Heart Disease Risk Factors
- Creator:
- Beussink-Nelson, Lauren, Baldridge, Abigail Shubat, Hibler, Elizabeth A, Khan, Sadiya Sana
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-13
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Health Inequities in COVID-19 Outcomes in Suburban Cook County: An Interactive Infographic
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, pandemic, health inequities , racism , Cook County, structural racism, social determinants
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19, Health Inequities, Ethnic and Racial Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Cook County
- Subject: Name:
- Cook County (Ill.). Department of Public Health
- Creator:
- Moeller, Darcie Denise
- Contributor:
- Kansariwala, Ina, Kite, Hanna, Holloway-Beth, Alfreda, Giachello, Aida Luz, Murray, Linda Rae, Bloyd, Jim, Moeller, Neal, Wolf, Michael
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- "Meet them where they are." How +Network partners support and struggle with Chicago Public Schools to meet local school wellness policy goals
- Abstract:
- Objective: In the United States, childhood obesity rates have remained high and unchanged since 2003, creating a host of health risk factors and negatively impacting academic performance. Schools play an important role in promoting health and preventing obesity among children and adolescents. The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required school districts to develop and implement a local school wellness policy (WP) by the 2006-07 school year. At a minimum, WPs must include goals for nutrition promotion, physical activity, food and beverage restrictions, and stakeholder engagement. By 2013, 95% of districts nationwide had adopted a WP. Healthy CPS is an initiative led by Chicago Public Schools (CPS) to help schools comply with the districts WP by streamlining the policy into four badges. Since earning badges has been challenging for many schools, CPS developed the +Network; community-based organizations (CBO) across Chicago that provide Healthy CPS support. Methods: In this paper, I utilize qualitative research methods to address whether +Network partners are effective at helping schools achieve Healthy CPS guidelines. Nine, semi-structured interviews and one focus group were completed. A codebook was created by a team of three, independent evaluators and I conducted thematic analysis on the transcripts. Results: Semi-structured interview and focus group respondents agreed that +Network partners provided a number of services that helped schools meet Healthy CPS guidelines. Notably, +Network partners engaged parents in Healthy CPS planning, facilitated health-based workshops for students, and connected school staff and community members with essential health services. However, regardless of +Network partner presence, schools continue to struggle to meet Healthy CPS guidelines due to cultural traditions involving food, an unequal distribution of resources across schools, and ineffective planning and messaging from CPS. Respondents suggested CPS engage parents and schools when developing future Healthy CPS or WP guidelines. Discussion: While more school districts are implementing WPs, research shows that many WPs are not complete or comprehensive. Schools face barriers integrating health messages and activities into a growing academic curriculum. This research, while limited by a small sample size and lack of quantitative support, demonstrates the +Network is a support structure that is capable of filling certain gaps to help schools meet WP guidelines. They are most effective providing nutrition, physical activity, and sexual education messaging; three topics increasingly seen in WPs across the country. Still, +Network partners were unable to help schools overcome cultural barriers around food which continues to challenge many school districts. As noted by respondents, engaging parents and school staff when developing WPs may present culturally acceptable solutions to these and other barriers. Future work would benefit from a mixed methods approach combining interviews with analysis of education and health outcomes.
- Keyword:
- childhood obesity , school, child nutrition , adolescents , school wellness policy, Chicago Public Schools
- Subject: MESH:
- School Health Services, Pediatric Obesity, Qualitative Research
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Subject: Name:
- Chicago Public Schools, United States. Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004
- Creator:
- Joslin, Benjamin Case
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
172. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among reproductive age women: Findings from the 2019 BRFSS
- Title:
- Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among reproductive age women: Findings from the 2019 BRFSS
- Abstract:
- Background and Significance: The 1998 Adverse Childhood Experiences ACE Study defines ACEs as ten categories of abuse, neglect, and family stressors before age 18. ACEs contribute to poor health and wellbeing for all genders across the lifespan. Despite rising premature mortality among women, and the impact of childhood adversity on girls and women, scant research examines trends in ACEs among women of reproductive age. Methods: This study utilizes the 2019 BRFSS Survey and focuses on women and men ages 18-39 in 17 states. The study first analyses gender differences in ACE score and specific ACE exposures. The study then examines age differences in ACE scores between four age cohorts of women of reproductive age (18-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39 years). Finally, the study analyses associations between womens ACEs scores and adult physical and mental health, self-reported BMI categories, history of depression, and fair to poor overall health by age cohort. Results: Findings revealed a higher prevalence of 4+ ACE scores among women as compared to men ages 18-39 years (5.42% difference). A greater proportion of women experienced sexual abuse (16.49% vs. 5.91%), lived with someone experiencing mental illness (22.16% vs. 15.44%), with alcohol abuse (22.31% vs. 18.32%) and drug/prescription medication abuse (13.58% vs.12.16%), and witnessed domestic violence at home (16.59% vs. 12.84%) compared to men. Younger reproductive age women (18-24 years) experienced a greater prevalence of 4+ ACEs (24.67%) as compared to older reproductive age women (35-39 years) (20.06%; 4.61% difference). In contrast to those without a history of ACEs, women with 4+ ACEs were 1.59 (95% CI, 1.41-1.78) times as likely to develop obesity, 3.46 (95% CI 3.07-3.90) times as likely to have a history of depression, and 1.68 (95% CI 1.45-1.94) times as likely to report fair or poor health. Discussion: ACEs are associated with significant health problems among reproductive age women. These findings provide a critical foundation for future social epidemiology research focused on this population. Awareness of the prevalence and impact of ACEs must be included in public health planning, policy, and practice to improve the health of reproductive age women.
- Keyword:
- adverse childhood experiences , reproduction , women, girls, health risks, abuse, neglect
- Subject: MESH:
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Women's Health
- Creator:
- Hurley, Laura
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Patient Perceptions on their Rehabilitative Improvements, Adherence to Physical Therapy, and Cultural Competency of Physical Therapist
- Abstract:
- Objective: To describe: 1) barriers in access and utilization of physical therapy among Chicago residents; 2) patient perspectives regarding quality-of-care dimensions: perceived cultural competency of the physical therapist, adherence to physical therapy visits, adherence to prescribed home exercise program, change in movement issue, and change in ability to do daily activities; and 3) self-reported changes by region of Chicago (North Side, South Side, West Side, Central Chicago) Methods: Cross-sectional online survey conducted February through April of 2021. The survey was a 33-item tool inquiring about demographics, aspects of the respondents movement issue, and items from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Cultural Competency (CAHPS CC). Inclusion criteria was Chicago residents over the age of 18 who were referred to a physical therapist (PT) or felt a need to see a PT in the past 12 months. Results: Respondents (N=53) represented 24 unique Chicago zip codes (64% North Side, 16% from West Side, 14% South Side, and 16% from West Side). The mean age was 47.0 years old (SD=17.9), 78% were White, and 72% of respondents identified as women. Sixty-four percent had a musculoskeletal movement issue and 23% never saw a PT for this issue. The most commonly reported barriers to seeing a PT were: 1) COVID-19 related (50%), 2) lack of time (33%), and 3) lack of accessible location (25%). Thirty percent of those who saw a PT did not finish all their scheduled visits; the top reason being cost (43%). The mean composite scores for the Cultural Competency Domains of Equitable Treatment, Trust, and Positive Communication were 94%, 83% and 87% respectively (N=41). The majority of respondents were adherent to their home exercise program (85%). Nearly all respondents stated that their movement issue was much improved (54%) or slightly improved (44%) from seeing a PT. Nearly all respondents reported that their ability to do daily activities was much improved (49%) or slightly improved (42%) from seeing a PT. Discussion: COVID-19 was commonly reported as a barrier to PT adherence. Although outpatient PT clinics offered telehealth visits, people may not have known it was an option. Overall, survey respondents perceived their physical therapist to be culturally competent. This may be because the majority of survey respondents were White, and the majority of PTs are also White; this congruency may facilitate cultural understanding. A larger proportion of Central and North Side respondents (which was 83% White) reported their issue and ability to do ADLs much improved compared to a larger proportion of South and West side respondents (which was 68% White) who reported their issue and ability to do ADLs were only slightly improved. Our study adds new information regarding patient perspectives of cultural competency among physical therapists and the relationship with adherence and rehabilitation improvements. Further work is needed to explore this topic among wider and more diverse settings.
- Keyword:
- physical therapy, Chicago , quality of care, home exercise program , physical therapist
- Subject: MESH:
- Physical Therapists, Cultural Competency, Professional-Patient Relations, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Hart, Jane
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Best Practices and Areas of Improvement in Child Death Review: A qualitative analysis to inform policy change in Illinois
- Abstract:
- Background: Child Death Review teams (CDRTs) emerged as a professional response to rising public awareness of child abuse and maltreatment. CDRTs are multidisciplinary groups that review data on child fatality and make reports to inform prevention initiatives in communities. In Illinois, child death review is mandated to review only deaths of children age 17 and younger if the child was a ward of the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), involved in a pending investigation, or whose death was reported to the DCFS hotline due to suspicion of abuse and neglect. Objective: This study aimed to establish understanding of best practices and areas of improvement in child death review in order to inform policy recommendations for Illinois. Methods: 21 professionals who serve on child death review teams agreed to participate in this qualitative research study. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured open-ended format. Interviews were transcribed and then hand coded for recurring themes, similarities, and differences among participants. Results: Participants included child abuse pediatricians (n=2), state child death review coordinators (n=4), nurses (n=3), leaders at the Department of Children and Family Services (n=2), therapists (n=3), public health workers (n=4) and social workers (3). Participants identified procedural strengths that improved their review process, emphasized the importance of collaboration, and mentioned that when teams have non-adversarial discussions they are most successful. Participants identified education and the lack of data, legislation and funding as areas of improvement. Unanimously, participants were in support of a comprehensive child death review program where deaths from all causes are reviewed. Conclusion: Respondents of this study identified strengths, best practices, areas for improvement, and unanimously agreed that a comprehensive child death review model whereby all child deaths are reviewed best supports the prevention of future child deaths. Reviewing all child deaths of all causes centers the CDRT on prevention, which allows for greater focus on the leading causes of death and more specific prevention interventions. Illinois would benefit from adopting this comprehensive model to discover accurate trends regarding patterns of death in the communities.
- Keyword:
- child abuse, neglect , child death review, Illinois , child fatality , cause of death
- Subject: MESH:
- Child Mortality, Child Abuse, Qualitative Research
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois
- Creator:
- Harris, Sonia
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-05
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Perinatal Transmission of Trauma: The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
- Abstract:
- Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been consistently associated with chronic health conditions later in life. The relationship between ACEs in girls and adverse pregnancy outcomes is less well understood. We hypothesize that individuals with more ACEs will have a higher frequency of preterm birth (PTB). Our objective was to examine the association between ACEs and PTB.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included individuals who enrolled in the Collaborative Care Model for Perinatal Depression Support Services (COMPASS) between 1/2017 and 9/2020 and who delivered 24 weeks gestation. Upon enrollment in COMPASS, individuals complete self-reported psychosocial assessments including the ACE screen. Sociodemographic characteristics and perinatal outcomes were abstracted from the electronic health record. The number of ACEs was evaluated both dichotomized (high ACE score defined as ACE > 3) and continuously in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: During the study period, 1074 individuals met inclusion criteria; 242 (23%) reported a high ACE score (Table 1). Individuals with a high ACE score had a 2.3-fold increased odds of PTB (95% CI: 1.6-3.3). For each additional point on the ACE screen, the odds of preterm birth increased by 13% (95% CI: 4-23%). After controlling for medical co-morbidities and other social determinants of health, the association between a high ACE score and PTB persisted (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1; Table 2). Conclusions: ACEs are associated with an increased risk of PTB. This observed relationship may be mediated by the dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune activity that have been observed in those with early life adversity. Future research should investigate interventions to mitigate these associations to reduce inter-generational cycles of disadvantage.
- Keyword:
- adverse childhood experiences , preterm birth, racial minorities , trauma , health care disparities
- Subject: MESH:
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Pregnancy Complications, Sociodemographic Factors
- Creator:
- Fleming, Oriana Marie, Miller, Emily Stinnett, Grobman, William A
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-16
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers of a Multisite Academic Healthcare System: A Cross-sectional Study
- Abstract:
- Background: Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 infections have proved essential to both the reduction of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 and the end of the pandemic. However, while the pandemics toll is vast, hesitancy to receive these safe and effective vaccines is a concerning trend that warrants further study in order to identify failures in the public health messaging framework. Surveillance of vaccine hesitancy was conducted early in the vaccine rollouts, among healthcare workers. The goal was to identify if healthcare workers (HCWs) who had higher risks for exposure and infection also had higher rates of vaccine hesitancy.Methods: Details of the study and recruitment techniques have been reported previously (Wilkins et al. 2021). HCWs were given a survey of vaccine intentions with possible responses of Yes, No, and Unsure. Surveys were completed from November 2020 to January 2021 and a sensitivity analysis was performed for the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Demographic, exposure, and serologic characteristics are presented, as well as multinomial logistic regression and adjusted/unadjusted odds ratios.Results: 4,180 HCWs reported 77.1% intention to be vaccinated, with 17.4% unsure and 5.5% reporting they would not be vaccinated. The number of unsure HCWs dropped following the EUA. Lowest odds for intentions were found among nurses, women, non-Hispanic Black, and 30-39-year-old HCWs. Significantly higher odds for intentions were found among physicians, men, Asians, and older HCWs.Conclusions: Disparities in vaccine intentions among these distinct groups is a concerning trend especially among those participating in patient care that could be better remediated through the use of earlier, robust public health messaging that targets hesitant individuals.
- Keyword:
- COVID-19, pandemic, vaccine hesitancy , vaccines, public health messaging
- Subject: MESH:
- COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination Hesitancy, Health Personnel, Cross-Sectional Studies
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- DeYoung, Benjamin J.
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-06-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- An Investigation into the Impact of Support from Action for Healthy Kids on School Health Index Module Scores
- Abstract:
- The current study investigated the impact of funding and technical assistance from AFHK on schools implementation of school health policies and practices. The AFHK SHI was used to assess if schools improved their rates of implementation and if improvement occurred at similar rates across all 8 modules. Baseline and final SHI module percent scores of 601 elementary schools in the United States that received support from AFHK between the years of 2015 and 2018 were examined. Descriptive statistics were employed to assess which modules had the highest and lowest implementation rates at the final time point and to examine which module experienced the greatest and least growth in score. Paired samples t-tests assessed if changes in score from the baseline to the final time point were significantly different from each other. School Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services had the highest rates of implementation while Health Promotion for Staff had the lowest rates of implementation at the final time point. Family and Community Involvement experienced the greatest growth in score while School Counseling, Psychological and Social Services experienced the least amount of growth. All percent scores increased significantly from the baseline to the final time point. These findings inform AFHK of the impact of their support on schools implementation of health practices and policies as all areas of school health improved significantly. The findings can guide AFHK's future efforts regarding how to best support schools to address areas where schools need the greatest support to bolster school health.
- Keyword:
- Action for Healthy Kids, School Health Index, school health, child health, school implementation of health policies and practices
- Subject: MESH:
- Child Health, School Health Services
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Subject: Name:
- Action for Healthy Kids (Organization)
- Creator:
- Crowe, Autumn N.
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- My Guide for Latina Breast Cancer Survivors in Community Settings: Protocol and Rationale for a Study Evaluating a Community-Engaged Approach to Increase Demand and Satisfaction of an Evidence-Based Health Program for Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
- Abstract:
- BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Latina women. Nonetheless, few evidence-based, culturally and community-informed interventions are easily accessible for this underserved group. eHealth interventions offer scalable approaches for delivering supportive care.Evaluation of such interventions using community engaged (CE) approaches can increase diffusion and uptake of interventions in minority populations through their meaningful participation in all phases of the project. This study aims to enhance existing community academic partnerships to evaluate the feasibility of a community-informed eHealth program among Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS) engaged through CE procedures compared to nonCE, academically driven approaches.METHODS: Using a CE approach, 1 academic institution and 2 community-based organizations finalized the study protocol and guidelines of study involvement. The resulting design was an 8week study evaluating two markers of feasibility (demand and user satisfaction) among participants engaged through a CE approach with community partners versus participants interacting with the academic partner only. This study has a recruitment goal of 80 participants evenly distributed across both groups. Demand or uptake is defined as study enrollment, retention rates, and program use in minutes across the two conditions. User satisfaction or acceptability is measured with a questionnaire administered at the end of the study. Recruitment began in January 2020 and is expected to be completed by December 2021. We expect to submit study results for publication by Spring 2022.DISCUSSION: CE may be a viable approach to increase user satisfaction and demand of eHealth interventions among Latina BCS, with the potential to address the limited supportive services for this population at a systemic level. CE initiatives can have a potential positive impact on the cost and scalability of such interventions and highlight the importance of academic community partnerships in building resource capacity and addressing health disparities in vulnerable communities.
- Keyword:
- Latina, Ehealth, breast cancer survivors , supportive care
- Subject: MESH:
- Breast Neoplasms, Hispanic or Latino, Culturally Competent Care, Telemedicine, Feasibility Studies
- Creator:
- Buitrago, Diana C, Guitelman, Judith, Buscemi, Joanna, Perez-Tamayo, Alejandra, Iacobelli, Francisco, Yanez, Betina R
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-04-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Social-Emotional Learning as a Strategy for High School-Based Mental Health Promotion
- Abstract:
- Adolescence is a critical time for public health promotion efforts. Adolescents experience great physical, social, and emotional changes, which places them at an increased mental and behavioral health risk (Heyes and Hiu, 2015). There has been a growing focus on universal mental health supports in schools. School-based mental health promotion efforts vary greatly across the United States due to differences in policy, funding, and support for programs, and there is only fragmentary evidence about the success of different approaches. Social emotional learning (SEL) has become an increasingly popular universal school-based mental health promotion approach that builds cognitive, affective, and behavioral competencies to support student mental health and well-being (Durlak et. al., 2011, p. 406). The promotion of social and emotional learning supports aspects of mental health through the provision of related skills and the enhancement of environmental contexts that promote the health, academic, social, and emotional success of learners (CASEL, 2008, p.1). School districts play an important role in social emotional learning, as they often set the policies and guidelines for the design and implementation of SEL programming. This paper will use Chicago Public Schools (CPS) as a case study of how school districts can support social emotional learning. Using a qualitative analysis method based on thetriangulation of multiple information sources, CPS policies and programs will be described and evaluated. This study examines whether a coordinated, integrated approach like the one CPS employs can be a successful model for other school districts. This case study will highlight best practices and demonstrate how social-emotional learning can be strengthened through policy and program changes at the district level.
- Keyword:
- mental health, adolescents , public school, Chicago, health risk, social emotional learning, students
- Subject: MESH:
- School Mental Health Services, Social Learning, Data Analysis, Adolescent
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Subject: Name:
- Chicago Public Schools
- Creator:
- Barber, Isabella Sarah
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-14
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in Low Birth Weight Between US-and Foreign-Born Women
- Abstract:
- Objective: This study explores national differences in low birth weight (LBW) outcomes in the US by individuals race/ethnicity and nativity. The objective is to examine the weathering and healthy immigrant hypotheses using evidence on LBW prevalence across US- versus foreign-born residents.Methods: This study used the 2018 Natality Public Use File from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The outcome of interest was all LBW births, which includes any infant born at < 2500 grams. Chi square tests were conducted to estimate LBW prevalence across maternal demographic characteristics. Two models were estimated using modified Poisson regression to determine whether initial racial/ethnic differences in US- versus foreign-born LBW rates were primarily a function of differences in individual characteristics.Results: The rate of LBW for the entire sample (N = 3,602,085) was 6.65%. Compared to LBW prevalence for non-Hispanic White women (5.30%, p < 0.001), LBW was 123% higher for non-Hispanic Black women (11.81%), 33% higher for non-Hispanic Asian women (7.03%), and 17% higher for Hispanic women (6.19%). The rate of LBW was 13% higher for women born in the United States (6.83%) than for those born outside the United States (6.05%, p < 0.001.). Across all racial/ethnic groups, foreign-born mothers had lower LBW prevalence and were less likely to have LBW infants than were their native-born counterparts. Compared to US-born non-Hispanic White women, foreign-born status decreased the risk of LBW across all racial/ethnic groups: from 1.00 to 0.83 (0.80-0.85) for White women, 1.73 (1.71-1.75) to 1.12 (1.10-1.15) for Black women, 1.39 (1.35-1.44) to 1.20 (1.18-1.23) for Asian women, 1.13 (1.12-1.15) to 0.90 (0.88-0.91) for Hispanic women, and 1.08 (1.06-1.10) to 0.98 (0.94-1.03) for other women.Discussion: Foreign-born status is associated with lower risk of LBW within each racial/ethnic subgroup. This corresponds to the healthy immigrant hypothesis, which suggests that many foreign-born mothers are likely healthy immigrants most able to move to the United States. With non-Hispanic White women exhibiting the lowest LBW rates regardless of immigrant status, it is important to further analyze the association between race/ethnicity, nativity, and birth outcomes. This might be understood through the weathering hypothesis, which suggests that cumulative exposure to social inequalities and racialized stressors can lead to higher rates of LBW.
- Keyword:
- low birth weight, maternity , race, ethnicity
- Subject: MESH:
- Infant, Low Birth Weight, Ethnic and Racial Minorities, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Emigrants and Immigrants, Data Analysis
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- United States
- Creator:
- Abbott, Kathryn
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2021-05-17
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Investigating the Opioid Epidemic in Illinois: An Analysis of Emergency Room Utilization
- Abstract:
- Introduction: Between July 2016 and September 2017, emergency department (ED) visits for opioid overdose increased by 30% in the United States and by 66% in Illinois. The objective of this study was to monitor the progression of the opioid epidemic in Illinois through an analysis of ED visits for opioid use, abuse, dependence, and overdose between January 2016 and June 2018. We analyze the relative incidence of inpatient hospitalization and death among patient demographics. Methods: Administrative data from 194 non-federal Illinois hospital EDs were obtained from the Illinois Hospital Association Comparative Health Care and Hospital Data Reporting Services database. We isolated ED visits with ICD-10 codes for opioids and looked at patient characteristics. We estimated Poisson regression models to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for death or hospitalization.Results: We found 130,785 ED visits for opioid use, abuse, dependence, or overdose during the 30-month study period. Comparing the first six months of each year, the average number of opioid-related ED visits increased from 3,935 visits per month in 2016 to 4,462 visits per month in 2018 (13% increase). Of those coded as opioid overdose (n=31,129), 65.6% were male, 52.5% were non-Hispanic white, 55.5% were between 35-64 years old, and 47.1% were Medicaid enrollees. Non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to have opioid-related death compared to non-Hispanic whites (IRR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.95). Compared to visits for opioid use, visits coded as opioid overdose resulted in death more frequently (IRR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.60-2.61) and hospitalization less frequently (IRR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.56-0.76). Visits coded as opioid dependence resulted in death less frequently (IRR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.85) compared to opioid use. There were no statistically significant differences in hospitalization rates between opioid abuse or dependence and opioid use. Overdose with synthetic opioids had a lower likelihood of death compared to non-synthetic opioid use (IRR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32-0.93).Conclusions: Over 30 months, ED visits for opioid overdoses have increased whereas the number for opioid use, abuse, and dependence have remained unchanged. The number of deaths and hospitalizations by overdose primarily reflects trends in heroin use. Publicly available hospital administrative data has a wealth of valuable information for public health officials working to control the opioid epidemic.
- Keyword:
- opioids , overdose, emergency department, emergency room, epidemic
- Subject: MESH:
- Emergency Service, Hospital, Opioid Epidemic, Opioid-Related Disorders, Opiate Overdose, Data Analysis
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois
- Subject: Name:
- Illinois Hospital Association
- Creator:
- Wang, Jessica
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-25
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- The Association between Psychosocial Factors and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in Colorectal Cancer Patients
- Abstract:
- Background: Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer among both men and women, and progression of CRC has been linked to pro-inflammatory states. Psychological factors, such as loneliness and poor social support, have been associated within creased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a variety cancer cell types. Methods: As part of the Can Support pilot study, participants with newly diagnosed CRC provided blood samples and completed the PROMIS short form survey measures for social isolation, emotional support, companionship, informational support, and instrumental support prior to undergoing surgery. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined via ELISA. Correlation as well as simple and multiple linear regression were used to assess the relationship between the serum cytokine levels and psychosocial factors.Results: From a total of 216 screened patients, complete data were obtained from 39 patients. The average age at diagnosis was 57.9years, and 51.3% were women. Due to protocol deviations, a total of 6 patients had blood drawn while in the OR as opposed to during standard pre-operative office visits. Average IL-6values trended towards significantly differing with respect to draw-time (p < 0.087). None of the five psychosocial variables correlated with normalized values of serum IL-6 or IL-8values. Simple linear regression models were created for each psychosocial and bio-marker pair, and none of the psychosocial variables significantly explained or correlated with either IL-6 or IL-8. Multivariate analysis with relevant covariates was completed for each psychosocial and bio-marker pair. Only instrumental support was identified as an independent predictor of IL-8 serum levels when adjusting for various covariates.Conclusion: There was little to no observed association between various social support measures and serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels, but the results do help to highlight the importance of protocol design, namely blood collection time, which helps to inform future trial design.
- Keyword:
- colorectal cancer, psychosocial , cytokines
- Subject: MESH:
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Psychosocial Functioning
- Creator:
- Walker, Margaret
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-17
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
183. Heart Failure Among Younger Versus Older Breast Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
- Title:
- Heart Failure Among Younger Versus Older Breast Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
- Abstract:
- Background Breast cancer is the leading cancer-related cause of death for women worldwide (American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures, 2020). In the United States, about 1 in 8 women (approximately 18%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime (American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures, 2020). Recent studies have shown that patients treated for breast cancer are more than three times more likely to develop congestive heart failure when compared to patients without cancer (Mayo Clinic & Klein, 2018). In this cohort analysis, we assessed the risk of heart failure stratified by age. When stratified by age, we predict that the risk of heart failure for breast cancer survivors will be higher among older versus younger patients.Methods A population-based, retrospective cohort study of 22,299 female breast cancer survivors were selected. SAS version 9.4 was used for survival analysis on breast cancer survivors with heart failure as the outcome, then stratified by two age groups (18-64, 65+). Kaplan Meier curves were analyzed as well as the Cox Proportional Hazards model. ArcMap version 10.1 was used to geocode a further subsection of this cohort, 7,193 breast cancer survivors living in Chicago with a match rate of 68%. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps were created to display the spatial distribution of breast cancer survivors per community area, breast cancer cases stratified by age, heart failure cases per community areas, heart failure cases stratified by age, a hotspot analysis of breast cancer cases stratified by age, and a hotspot analysis of heart failure cases stratified by age.Results The age group of 65+ breast cancer survivors had a 1.291 times higher risk of heart failure in comparison to younger breast cancers survivors (18-64). Metastasized cancer, hypertension medication at baseline, hypertension medication most recent, diabetes medication most recent, diabetes medication at baseline, smoking status, race, ethnicity, hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, SBP baseline, and BMI baseline were adjusted for in this analysis. In ArcMap, geocoded patient data showed breast cancer survivors and heart failure cases clustered in the North side of Chicago (Lincoln Park, Lakeview, Edgewater) as well as downtown Chicago (Near North Side). The highest rates of heart failure among breast cancer survivors were between 19-33% in Fuller Park, Roseland, and South Lawndale communities. Hot spot analysis showed the highest rate of heart failure among breast cancer survivors.Discussion Age was found to increase the risk of heart failure in older versus younger breast cancer survivors. Sample size limited this analysis of the influence of only two age categories on heart failure in breast cancer survivors. This study was limited to cancer patients within the Northwestern Medicine network, which biases the population to a higher concentration of cases nearer to Northwestern Medicine. To combat this, future studies could partner with other hospital networks like the Advocate Health Care system with more locations on the South and West sides of Chicago.
- Keyword:
- heart failure, breast cancer, age, health risk
- Subject: MESH:
- Breast Neoplasms, Heart Failure, Geographic Mapping, Cohort Studies, Age Factors
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- VanDine, Alison
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-06-02
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Mental Health Legislation after the 2018 Election in Illinois
- Abstract:
- Background and Significance Mental health problems represent a significant and growing public health crisis in Illinois, with suicide being the 11th leading cause of death and 683,000 adults receiving mental health treatment each year. Following the 2018 election, the Illinois Democratic Party gained control of all three houses of government and the newly sworn-in Governor, JB Pritzker, expressed interest in following through on his campaign promises to address mental health in the state. HB2154 The Children and Youth Mental Health Crisis Act (HB2154), signed into law in August 2019, was the most significant mental health legislative effort of the 2018-2019 legislative session. The bill created an insurance mandate that will require private insurance plans purchased by individuals and corporations to cover integrated mental health services for children and adults under the age of 26. The bill also reinvents the states Individual Care Grant Program as the Family Support Program to better support families in paying for residential mental health treatment for those under the age of 26. Finally, the bill creates a process for redefining Medicaid billing rules to increase utilization of preventive mental health services.Implications of Legislation for Mental Health Screening and Treatment HB2154 grew from a collaborative effort between mental health care providers and legislators and garnered the broad support it will need for its implementation to be successful. Going forward, IL should take efforts to increase the number of mental health care providers and how many accept health insurance payments.
- Keyword:
- public health, health crisis, mental health, Illinois, health insurance
- Subject: MESH:
- Mental Health Services, Public Policy, Adolescent, Child
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois
- Creator:
- Tessier, Robert
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-17
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Causes and Responses to the Opioid Epidemic: A Policy Analysis
- Abstract:
- The opioid epidemic has become one of the largest public health crises of our time. The most important and devastating element of this crisis is the number of fatalities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 130 Americans die from an opioid overdose on a daily basis. Data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that between 1999 and 2017 there have been more than 400,000 deaths attributed to an opioid overdose. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) estimates that 10.3 million people misused prescription opioids in 2018 alone. This number does not include the number of people using heroin in the U.S. In 2016 roughly 948,000 Americans reported using heroin in the past year. About 170,000 Americans reported first time heroin use in 2016. Compare this number to the 90,000 first time users in 2006 and it becomes clear how significant the rise in heroin use is. There is now a rising incidence of newborns experiencing withdrawal syndrome due to opioid use and misuse during pregnancies. This means that the opioid epidemics impact will continue to be felt for generations to come. It is imperative that interventions are developed now to reduce this ripple effect and eventually end this decades-long problem.
- Keyword:
- opioids , health intervention , overdose, epidemic , USA
- Subject: MESH:
- Opiate Overdose, Public Policy
- Creator:
- Staples, Rita Torres
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-07
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Teachers as School Health Agents: Exploring Views on School-Based Menstrual Health Management
- Abstract:
- Objective: This study seeks to understand the role that teachers, menstrual education, and school facilities play as mediators and barriers to Menstrual Health Management.Method: Focus groups discussions with teachers were conducted in conjunction with the Menstrual Solutions (MS) study, an open cluster randomized proof of concept study with three treatment arms: usual, pads, and Mooncup. Six schools were randomly selected out of the 30 in the study, two from each study arm. Given the nature of the MS study, focus groups were conducted at three different points, baseline, follow up 1, and follow up 2. Topics focused on: cultural attitudes, menstrual management techniques, impact on education, the role of teachers in assisting adolescent girls, school curriculum on menstruation, the impact of sensitization, and the Mooncup.Results: There were an average of 10 participants per focus group discussion. The teachers primarily spoke on their personal experiences with students in their classes, which informed the following emerging themes: embarrassment and blood, concerns of absenteeism, the role of teachers in MHM, and the impact of sensitization. Teachers noted that prior to the study, adolescent girls would absent themselves for 3-5 days during their menstrual cycle depending on what materials they could use. They would often shy away from teachers when possible, and only speak to them about their menses if it was urgent or they needed to go home. Much of this shyness stemmed from traditional values that dictated that menses be private due to their association with sex, or embarrassment as a result of stains and odor. Sensitization that occurred during the study, in addition to the menstrual items, positively impacted academic performance, according to the teachers. They described the girls as confident and free with them about their menses in follow up discussions.Discussion: Teachers attitude and knowledge of MHM influenced how adolescent girls navigated their menses at school. Teachers who were considered trustworthy were approached by girls more often than those girls felt would tell others about her menses. In the school setting, teachers were sometimes the first to explain what menses were to girls experiencing it, making them an important influencer in how they learned to manage it. Teachers across all treatment arms saw the impact of this on girls' management of their menses and personal hygiene. These girls were also freer with their teachers, who saw them become more confident and open about their menses, improving the teachers ability to support students. The study also saw the creation of the menstrual champion, a girl who shared what she learned in the puberty education classes with her peers so they could more effectively manage their menses. This knowledge may influence changes to school menstrual education, as it is an important mechanism for empowering girls to take control of their menses.
- Keyword:
- teachers, school, menstrual education, health management, adolescents
- Subject: MESH:
- Menstruation, Schools, Education, Adolescent
- Creator:
- Shenkman, Julia
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-05-20
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Translations of the Humeral Head Elicit Reflexes in Rotator Cuff Muscles That Are Larger Than Those in the Primary Shoulder Movers
- Original Bibliographic Citation:
- Nicolozakes CP, Coats-Thomas MS, Ludvig D, Seitz AL and Perreault EJ (2022) Translations of the Humeral Head Elicit Reflexes in Rotator Cuff Muscles That Are Larger Than Those in the Primary Shoulder Movers. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 15:796472. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2021.796472
- Abstract:
- Muscle activation helps stabilize the glenohumeral joint and prevent dislocations, which are more common at the shoulder than at any other human joint. Feedforward control of shoulder muscles is important for protecting the glenohumeral joint from harm caused by anticipated external perturbations. However, dislocations are frequently caused by unexpected perturbations for which feedback control is essential. Stretch-evoked reflexes elicited by translations of the glenohumeral joint may therefore be an important mechanism for maintaining joint integrity, yet little is known about them. Specifically, reflexes elicited by glenohumeral translations have only been studied under passive conditions, and there have been no investigations of how responses are coordinated across the functional groupings of muscles found at the shoulder. Our objective was to characterize stretch-evoked reflexes elicited by translations of the glenohumeral joint while shoulder muscles are active. We aimed to determine how these responses differ between the rotator cuff muscles, which are essential for maintaining glenohumeral stability, and the primary shoulder movers, which are essential for the large mobility of this joint. We evoked reflexes using anterior and posterior translations of the humeral head while participants produced voluntary isometric torque in six directions spanning the three rotational degrees-of-freedom about the shoulder. Electromyograms were used to measure the stretch-evoked reflexes elicited in nine shoulder muscles. We found that reflex amplitudes were larger in the rotator cuff muscles than in the primary shoulder movers, in part due to increased background activation during torque generation but more so due to an increased scaling of reflex responses with background activation. The reflexes we observed likely arose from the diversity of proprioceptors within the muscles and in the passive structures surrounding the shoulder. The large reflexes observed in the rotator cuff muscles suggest that feedback control of the rotator cuff augments the feedforward control that serves to compress the humeral head into the glenoid. This coordination may serve to stabilize the shoulder rapidly when preparing for and responding to unexpected disturbances.
- Keyword:
- shoulder, reflex, neuromuscular control
- Subject: MESH:
- Reflex, Stretch, Electromyography, Shoulder Joint
- Creator:
- Nicolozakes, Constantine Paul, Coats-Thomas, Margaret Sarah, Ludvig, Daniel, Seitz, Amee L., Perreault, Eric
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2022-02-02
- Rights:
- All rights reserved
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Original Identifier:
- (DOI)10.3389/fnint.2021.796472
- Title:
- Get Up and Go: Factors Determining Game On Grant Recipients Success in Increasing Students' Physical Activity
- Abstract:
- This culminating experience focuses on school-based interventions to fight childhood obesity, seeking to identify what characteristics are shared amongst successful interventions versus unsuccessful interventions. The incorporated research is conducted on data provided by Action for Healthy Kids (AFHK) about their Game On (GO) grants. AFHK is a national nonprofit organization that strives to improve the health of children across the country with school-based physical activity and nutrition initiatives. One of the organizations main programs is their GO grants, which they give to schools, so they can implement successful school health programs. The five steps of a GO program are to assemble a school health team, conduct a school health index, create and implement a wellness plan, select school specific activities, and engage families and communities. Some of the many suggestions for activities include before school programming, healthy food taste testing, salad bars, and walk/bike to school initiatives. The goal of this data analysis is to provide recommendations to both AFHK and to schools, so as to increase the success of future school-based childhood obesity initiatives. Using a statistical analysis and thematic coding, this paper highlights the most successful solutions for physical activity initiatives in schools are implementing before school activities, walk/bike programs, and gymnasium and play space refurbishment.
- Keyword:
- Action for Healthy Kids, children, obesity, school, health risk
- Subject: MESH:
- Pediatric Obesity, Physical Education and Training, Health Promotion, Diet, Food, and Nutrition, Data Analysis
- Creator:
- Rosner, Amanda
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-05-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Investigating Gun Violence and Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs in the Youth Population at Lurie Children's Hospital
- Abstract:
- Gun violence is a public health problem that primarily impacts adolescents and People of Color. Hospital Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs) are formalized interventions with patients who have experienced violence with the goal to prevent future violence. For this project, I will focus on patients affected by firearm violence. There is currently no HVIP in place at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago (Lurie Childrens). The purpose of this project is to summarize current literature recommendations for youth HVIP structure and initiation, summarize current Lurie Childrens firearm trauma patient demographics and current practices at Lurie Childrens in treatment of these patients, and to provide recommendations for Lurie Childrens to begin implementing a HVIP. This was accomplished through a literature search, chart review of Lurie Childrens firearm trauma patients via the electronic medical record, and through interviews with Lurie Childrens emergency department (ED) staff members. From 2013 to 2018, a total of 34 patients were seen in the Lurie Childrens ED for an initial encounter due to injury from a firearm, and the majority was hospitalized (average hospital length of stay was 4.3 days); half of the incidents were intentional in nature. Firearm-injured patients ages ranged from less than 1 year of age to 16 years old. The mean age was 12.5 years with a standard deviation of 3.7 years. 64.7% of patients were non-Hispanic Black, and 29.4% of patients were Hispanic/Latino. Only one patient was white. The majority (82.4%) of firearm-injured patients were male. 100% of firearm-injured patients were seen by a social worker either in the ED or during their hospitalization. Other services provided included case management, spiritual care, child life services, and other mental health care. From staff interviews, I learned that social workers perform risk assessments of firearm-injured patients and provide resources to these patients, and that social workers felt overworked. Additionally, staff members were open to the possibility implementing a HVIP. As such, my initial recommendations to Lurie Childrens for HVIP preparation include identifying a high-risk target population, investing in additional social work and case management resources, and forming partnerships with community organizations. These findings will be presented to the relevant stakeholders (Lurie Childrens staff or administration) via email.
- Keyword:
- gun violence, Hospital Based Violence Intervention Program, adolescents , children
- Subject: MESH:
- Gun Violence, Adolescent, Child, Ethnic and Racial Minorities
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Subject: Name:
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Creator:
- Rader, Gabriella
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-17
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Novel linkage of UNOS and PHIS to assess the impact of race and socioeconomic status on pediatric liver transplant outcomes
- Abstract:
- Background: Despite the technological advancements made in pediatric liver transplant, concerns remain about the equality of patient care during the peri-operative period. Analyses have consistently shown discrepancies in mortality, graft failure, and waitlist time across race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. National analyses, however, are lacking as most reported data comes from single-hospital studies without adequate power to account for possible confounding variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of race, ethnicity, and SES on transplant outcomes and resource utilization on a national level, using a linked administrative database. Methods: Utilizing a novel linkage of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and the Pediatric Health Information System administrative databases, we performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 3609children age 18 years, who received a LT in the US between 2003 and 2017. Proportional hazards models were used to assess effect of race and SES on patient and graft survival. Resource utilization was measured by length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, length of mechanical ventilation (MV) and vasopressors, and total charges.Results: White recipients had graft survival advantages compared to black patients (p= .007). This difference persisted after adjusting for resource utilization and recipient and donor characteristics (hazard ratio [HR]1.47; 95% CI 1.082.00). There was no significant difference in overall survival between races. Resource utilization did not differ significantly between black and white races. Privately insured recipients had advantages in both graft (p = .003) and patient survival(p = .014)compared to publicly insured patients. This difference remained when 3adjusted with the multivariate model(graft failure: HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.011.62; survival: HR 1.38 (95% CI, 1.071.77). Publicly insured patients also had increased resource utilization compared to privately insured patients: LOS (16vs 15days, p= .001), ICU LOS (4 vs. 3 days, p=.001),TPN time(2vs. 1days, p = .004) ), and total charge ($145871vs. $129872, p< .001).Conclusions: In pediatric LT recipients, publicly insured patients showed increased risk of graft failure, death, and resource utilization as compared to privately insured patients; these differences were not as consistent across patient race, but still showed trends towards worse survival and graft failure with minority status.
- Keyword:
- United Network for Organ Sharing, pediatric liver transplant , Pediatric Health Information System, socioeconomic status
- Subject: MESH:
- Liver Transplantation, Adolescent, Child, Infant, Treatment Outcome, Data Analysis
- Creator:
- Pissaris, Adam
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-16
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Vitamin D, age, sex and skin pigmentation: An analysisof how recommendations and standards regarding vitamin D need more comprehensive research for policy
- Abstract:
- Vitamin D has long been implicated in health research with its etiology hypothesized in many diseases. As recently as 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), appointed a committee of 14 scientists to re-evaluate the 1994 dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D as ample new research had been conducted to warrant an evaluation of vitamin D supplementation. The efforts were supported by the United States and Canadian governments. Research was evaluated and new recommendations were established. However, the committee of scientists, supported by IOM staff, continues to use the same evaluation methods for vitamin D as they do for all vitamin dietary recommendations, but vitamin D is not a vitamin in the traditional sense. It is a pro-hormone. Vitamin D is not gained solely from diet. It is more readily produced via the conversion of cholesterol to vitamin D through sun exposure. Therefore, traditional methods of evaluation to deduce dietary intakes may not apply for a vitamin that is environmentally influenced. While many scientists are adamant that the recommendation levels for vitamin D should be higher and not all population sub-group dietary needs are being addressed, new methods of evaluation may be what are warranted. It is vital that researchers evaluate novel ways to understand vitamin D and the implications for nutritional policy in the form of dietary recommendations to create more comprehensive recommendation for vitamin D dietary needs. Currently, dietary recommendations are created for life-stage (age range) and sex, but more comprehensive listings by latitude, skin pigmentation, and adiposity might provide for the needs of more individuals.
- Keyword:
- vitamin D, nutrition , dietary needs
- Subject: MESH:
- Vitamin D, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Hormones, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
- Creator:
- Perez, Julianna
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-17
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Overweight and Obesity Development Among Previously Healthy-Weight Children
- Abstract:
- Objective Some young healthy-weight (HW) toddlers and preschoolers develop overweight/obesity (OW/OB) in later childhood. Our study aims to identify demographic risk factors for OW/OB incidence in 8-10-year[y]-old children with HW history between ages 2-5y.Methods This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used data from the electronic medical record at an urban tertiary childrens hospital. 2-5-year-olds born between 10/2007-05/2011 were included if they (1) had an outpatient visit with anthropometric data at 2-5y and 8-10y & (2) had HW from ages 2-5y. Predictor variables were sex, race/ethnicity, language, insurance & zip code. Main outcome was body mass index (BMI) percentile (%ile) category at 8-10y, determined by the highest %ile reached: HW (5-84%ile), OW (85-94%ile), mild-moderate OB (95-98%ile), severe OB (99%ile). Statistical analyses included descriptive frequencies and multinomial logistic regression.Results Of 7043 initially HW patients, 1070 (15%) developed OW and 863 (12%) developed OB by 8-10y. Severe OB risk factors were African-American race (OR 4.66; 2.45-8.67), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.99; 1.61-5.55) & public insurance (OR 3.69; 2.19- 6.24). Female sex was protective (OR 0.54; 0.36-0.79).Conclusion One-quarter of previously HW young children developed OW/OB by age 8-10y; African-American, Hispanic, male and publicly insured children have the highest risk of developing severe OB. While factors associated with OW/OB in this cohort are familiar, these findings suggest that clinicians should direct specific attention to young HW patients with these risks to prevent excessive BMI increase.
- Keyword:
- children, obesity , overweight, BMI, risk factors
- Subject: MESH:
- Pediatric Obesity, Longitudinal Studies
- Creator:
- Patel, Kreena Karishma
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-17
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Development of a Cultural Adaptation Model of the South Asian Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (SAHELI): A Qualitative Approach
- Abstract:
- Background: South Asians have increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to other Asian groups and non-Hispanic whites. Cultural adaptations of evidence-based health education have been shown to improve health outcomes immigrant and minority populations when compared to usual care. Few studies have identified core elements to culturally adapt lifestyle interventions for South Asian immigrant populations in the US. Purpose: This study aims to describe how the SAHELI intervention culturally adapts the evidence-based Diabetes Prevention Program for a US-based South Asian immigrant population.Methods: Qualitative analysis of SAHELI health education audio recording transcripts from 5 cohorts across three community sites (health department, community center, school district). Following generation of thematic constructs from written transcript analysis, coding was applied to 32 English-speaking and 8 Urdu-speaking group education sessions.Results: SAHELI culturally adapts evidenced-based lifestyle interventions by applying both surface-level cultural knowledge (South Asian language, food, festivals, religion); deep-structure cultural knowledge (South Asian values, gender roles, health beliefs); and activation of cultural identity (shared ethnic background, SAHELI group identity).Conclusions: SAHELI utilizes both surface-level and deep-structural cultural knowledge and activation of cultural identity within a group motivational interviewing framework to promote health behavior change via lifestyle interventions grounded by South Asian sociocultural contexts.
- Keyword:
- atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, South Asian immigrant, lifestyle intervention
- Creator:
- Palma, Melissa
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-15
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Incidence of Severe Maternal Morbidity and Other Obstetric Complications in Illinois 2016-2018 Using International Classification of Diseases-10 , ICD-10 Coding of Severe Maternal Morbidity
- Description:
- Severe maternal morbidity underestimates the incidence of other, route-specific International Classification of Diseases Version 10 coded delivery complications.
- Abstract:
- OBJECTIVE: Although maternal morbidity has been increasing in recent years, quality measures for maternal outcomes of childbirth hospitalizations remain controversial. Previous studies have relied upon International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) coding with virtually no literature on how the 2015 transition to ICD-10 has affected delivery complication rates. This study describes the incidence of maternal obstetric complications in Illinois using ICD10 coding algorithms. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study of all deliveries at 127 Illinois hospitals from January 2016 to December 2018, ICD-10 codes were used to characterize severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and other delivery route-specific complications of vaginal and cesarean delivery. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association of maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as hospital characteristics with the likelihood of complications.RESULTS: Among 421,426 deliveries, the SMM rate was 0.76% overall, 0.44% for vaginal and 1.50% for cesarean delivery. Other maternal complications occurred in 8.62% of vaginal and 9.96% of cesarean deliveries. Patient age, race and ethnicity, and pre-existing and pregnancy-related clinical conditions were significantly associated with each outcome. Hospital-annual delivery volume, weekend admission and medical record coding intensity, measured by the mean number of ICD-10 codes for uncomplicated deliveries, were also significantly associated with complication incidence.CONCLUSION: SMM significantly underestimates the incidence of other potentially preventable complications. Complication incidence is higher for women from racial and ethnic minority groups and high poverty neighborhoods. However, the association of the likelihood of complications with hospital coding intensity and post-hoc analyses of length of stay differences between complicated and uncomplicated deliveries raise questions about the reliability of ICD-10 coding, which is incommensurate with previous ICD-9 research. New risk adjusted outcome measures based on detailed clinical data and linked antepartum and postpartum care will be necessary to improve obstetric quality of care.
- Keyword:
- maternal morbidity , international classification of diseases , childbirth , Illinois
- Subject: MESH:
- Maternal Mortality, International Classification of Diseases, Delivery, Obstetric, Cohort Studies
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois
- Creator:
- Oot, Antionette, Huennekens, Kaitlin, Yee, Lynn M, Feinglass, Joseph M
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-05-01
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Candida auris prevalence, risk factors and outcomes among acute inpatient physical rehabilitation patients
- Abstract:
- Background: Candida auris (C. auris) is multi-drug resistant fungus that is known to cause serious and sometimes fatal infections. The organism also persistently colonizes hospital environments and multiple body sites of patients. The high transmissibility of C. auris, contributes to prolonged outbreaks in healthcare settings, which are challenging to manage, as there is uncertainty on how to best stop the spread of C. auris, identify C. auris, and treat C. auris colonization and infection.Objective: To identify risk factors for C. auris colonization and infection in patients undergoing rehabilitation; these results will inform future surveillance and screening programs targeted towards patients at risk for C. auris colonization and infection. Design: Retrospective analysis of risk factors associated with C. auris infection or colonization. Setting: Acute rehabilitation facility (ARF) affiliated with an academic medical center. Participants: Patients receiving care in an ARF from October 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020.Methods: Risk factors, including presence of immunodeficiency, care location, presence of a feeding tube, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, presence of a central line, history of other multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs), and the presence of non-intact skin, wounds, and pressure injuries were reviewed retrospectively via the patients electronic medical record (EMR). The main outcome measure was the presence of a C. auris laboratory test result indicating infection or colonization. Statistical Analysis: We used descriptive statistics to describe the study population and the frequency of study outcomes. Odds ratios were performed to examine statistically significant differences. All the analyses were done using Microsoft Excel.Results: Of the 205 eligible ARF patients,11 (5.37%) patients were positive and 194 (94.63%) patients were negative for C. auris lab result. The prevalence of positive C. auris lab culture was 5.37 patients per 100 patients tested C. auris colonization or infection during the study period. Patients with a prior history of infection or colonization of other MDROs were more likely to be at risk for C. auris colonization or infection, OR=6.55 (95% CI 1.38-31.13). However, there was no significant association between C. auris infection or colonization and presence of immunodeficiency, care location, presence of feeding tube, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, or central line, and the presence of non-intact skin, wounds, and pressure injuries.Discussion: Among patients in an ARF, prior history of colonization or infection with other MDROs was associated with a significantly increased risk of a positive C. auris lab result. Other risk factors studied also had increased odds ratio for positive C. auris, however the relationship was not statistically significant. Further research, incorporating a larger sample and timeframe is needed to overcome the current studys limited power to investigate the association between C. auris and the other exposures or clinical factors. These results may help identify patients at risk for C. auris colonization and target patients for surveillance.
- Keyword:
- Candida auris, infection
- Subject: MESH:
- Candida auris, Risk Factors, Hospitals, Rehabilitation
- Creator:
- Mansfield, Kirsten
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-05-08
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Declining Health Risk Exposure among Chicago Public High School Students: Trends from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey 1997-2017
- Abstract:
- There have been improvements nationally in teenagers' self-reported health risk since the 1990s. This study provides an overview of trends in substance use, sexual health, violence and victimization, and mental health status among Chicago Public High School (CPS) students over a 20-year period. We compared responses to 29 identically worded items from the 1997, 2007, and 2017 Chicago Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) in the four domains. We show changes in responses across individual items, mean changes across the four domains, and change in the proportion of students with highest risk exposure (10 affirmative responses). Analyses control for CPS students grade, sex, and race/ethnicity. Reductions in substance use, sexual health risk, and violence and victimization (30, 40% and 40% in the mean number of affirmative responses, respectively) were observed. Mental health showed an initial improvement from 1997 to 2007, only to worsen by 2017 and show little difference from 1997. There was an approximate 70% decrease in the likelihood of being in the high multiple risk category (10 affirmative responses) in 2017 compared to 1997 (OR 0.33; CI 0.22-0.49). In alignment with national trends, our study documents significant improvement in Chicago public high school students long-term health risk exposure over the 20-year study period, with the notable exception of mental health status. These improvements occurred simultaneously with improvements in academic achievement coinciding with changes in the study population of CPS students and demographic changes in many Chicago neighborhoods.
- Keyword:
- teenage , risk behaviors , health behaviors , multiple risk, substance use, mental health, violence , victimization , sexual health, childhood adversity
- Subject: MESH:
- Adolescent Behavior, Health Risk Behaviors, Mental Health
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago
- Creator:
- Korpics, Jacqueline M, Stillerman, Audrey, Hinami, Keiki, Dharmapuri, Sadhana, Feinglass, Joseph M
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-09
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Association of Maternal Obesity with Infant Gut Microbiota: Evidence from Cebu, Philippines
- Abstract:
- Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between maternal obesity and infant gut microbiota. It was designed to test the hypothesis that infants born from obese mothers have different gut microbiotas than those born from non-obese mothers, which may impact the health of the infant during later stages of their life.Methods: The study was conducted on a cohort of Filipino women and their newborn children taking part in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS). Fecal samples from pregnant and non-pregnant index children of the cohort were collected from November 2017 through February 2020, resulting in a total of 106 distinct samples. When these pregnant women gave birth, infant fecal samples were taken both at two weeks of age and six months of age for a total of 93 samples. DNA was extracted from ethanol-preserved fecal samples and a two-step PCR was used to amplify the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene in order to generate amplicon data describing microbial communities. Sequence data were quality-filtered and denoised using the bioinformatic platform QIIME2, and the resulting data were analyzed using the statistical programming software R with the goal of associating infant gut microbiota with maternal obesity.Results: PERMANOVA tests comparing infant microbiome composition across maternal BMI groups (i.e. underweight, normal, overweight/obese) were not statistically significant (p=.28), and the association only slightly increases when controlling for geography (p=.25). ANOVA tests revealed no statistically significant differences in infant gut microbiota diversity between the maternal BMI groups (F2 = 0.778). While these findings do not support a largescale effect of maternal BMI on the infant gut microbiome, a few individual taxa were affected by overweight/obese and underweight maternal BMI status.Conclusion: The effect of maternal BMI on the infant gut microbiome does not appear to be substantial in this sample of Filipino mothers and infants. While some individual taxa do appear to be impacted by maternal BMI status, the mechanisms through which this occurs remains unclear.
- Keyword:
- maternal obesity, infant gut microbiota , Philippines
- Subject: MESH:
- Obesity, Maternal, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Infant
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Philippines
- Creator:
- Kane, Lauren
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-05-20
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- The Influence of Acculturation on Latino Adults Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors Toward Tobacco Use: Results of 2014 Focus Groups
- Abstract:
- Objective To explore the influence of acculturation on the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward tobacco use in Latino adults.Methods Data from twenty-four focus groups conducted at four different locations (Chicago, San Diego, Miami, Bronx-New York) were transcribed and uploaded to Atlas.ti. Groups were classified as either high acculturation or low acculturation based on the language spoken during the focus group. English groups were high acculturation while Spanish groups were low acculturation. Mentions of tobacco use in the community and family, tobacco product awareness, tobacco cessation resources, tobacco-related health effects, sources of health information, and second-hand smoke were noted based on acculturation level. Once the review was complete, information collected was compared between acculturation level groups. Results There were no representative differences between English and Spanish-speaking groups in reference to tobacco product use, tobacco product knowledge, and family influence in starting to use tobacco products. Major differences between groups were seen with English-speaking groups who were more likely to show less perceived risk in regard to tobacco use and second-hand smoke being a problem in the community, while Spanish-speaking groups were more likely to show high-perceived risk related to second-hand smoke and health effects associated to tobacco use.
- Keyword:
- Tobacco, Latino adults, Spanish
- Subject: MESH:
- Tobacco Smoking, Risk Assessment, Hispanic or Latino
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois--Chicago, Florida--Miami, California--San Diego, New York (State)--Bronx County
- Creator:
- Jara, Stephanie
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-06-11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Evaluations of the ADAP Program for HCV Treatment
- Abstract:
- Background: Hepatitis C (HCV) is a viral infection that causes severe liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Among people living with HIV, there are high rates of co-infection with HCV, particularly among people who inject drugs. While highly effective HCV medications have been developed in the past decade, they remain extremely expensive and their approval by insurance companies and Illinois Medicaid is often contingent on a patients degree of liver damage, making them largely inaccessible for many patients. In 2016, the AIDS Drug Assistance Program, funded by the Illinois Department of Public Health, added HCV medications to their formulary, allowing low-income patients who are co-infected with HIV and HCV to access HCV treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the ADAP HCV Treatment Program for barriers faced by patients and providers to utilizing the program, as well as treatment outcomes for enrollees.Methods: This study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. First, a semi-structured interview and focus group of providers and care teams were conducted at the two treatment facilities that treated the largest number of enrollees. Participants were asked specifically about perceived barriers that patients faced to participating in the program, as well as challenges experienced by providers and care teams in treating patients enrolled in the program. To determine treatment outcomes of enrollees, reported laboratory data was used to determine rates of follow-up for all enrollees and rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) for all patients who had adequate follow-up. These rates were then analyzed for differences in treatment facility volume, transmission risk factor, age cohort, and race/ethnicity using chi-square tests.Results: The interview and focus group provided insights into the experiences of program participants. Specifically, enrollees often faced barriers including providing documentation to enroll in ADAP and handing competing priorities such as housing and transportation. Care teams found that some aspects of enrolling and treating patients through the program were time- and personnel-intensive and required a high degree of care management, and they suggested specific changes that might make working with the program easier. The outcomes data showed that the two highest-volume treatment facilities had better rates of follow-up than low-volume facilities, X2(1, N = 111) = 5.56, p = 0.018. However, there was no difference in rates of SVR between the two facility types among those patients who did receive adequate follow-up, X2 (1, N = 78) = 0.18, p = 0.67. There was no difference in rates of follow-up or SVR when analyzed by transmission risk factor, age, or race/ethnicity.Conclusions: Major barriers to patient enrollment and retention can be addressed by intensive care management through treatment facilities. However, this requires numerous, dedicates care management personnel and is time-intensive. High-volume treatment facilities have higher rates of patient follow-up, possibly because they have more auxiliary support staff dedicated to care management. Across both high- and low-volume facilities, and all patient demographics, there is no difference in treatment outcomes among patients who receive adequate follow-up. Therefore, treatment programs and facilities should continue to support and expand care management services in addition to medical therapies to achieve the best treatment outcomes.
- Keyword:
- Hepatitis C, HIV, public health, AIDS drug assistance program
- Subject: MESH:
- Hepatitis C, HIV, Delivery of Health Care
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Illinois
- Creator:
- Ives-Louter, Katie
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Title:
- Variability in Hypertension Management and Data Capture Capacity in Primary Health Care Centers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria
- Abstract:
- Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. The Transforming Hypertension Management in Nigeria (HTN) Program aims to adapt, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of a 5-year system-level hypertension control program in 60 primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Nigeria. Due to the large scale of the HTN Program, PHCs may have different access to equipment, diagnostic and treatment capacity, as well as data capture capacities. Therefore, this project aimed to 1) evaluate and compare service availability and readiness across PHCs; and 2) monitor and report on baseline data entry errors from each PHC in the hypertension registry.Method: Site readiness and capacity was evaluated using the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) methodology of the World Health Organization. Patient level data were extracted from the HTN Program patient registry, which is a longitudinal REDCap database. Graphical representations are used to assess the facility-based capacity and readiness for hypertension diagnosis and treatment. Tables were created to list records with various data entry errors at baseline for each site. Results: Across six council areas within the FCT, there was variability in the presence of basic amenities, equipment, infection prevention, diagnostic capacity and essential medicines. Cardiovascular service availability was consistently high, whereas wide variability was also demonstrated in indicator scores for the presence of guidelines, equipment, and medicines. Missing data and mismatched record Ids are the most common data entry errors across all sites. Variability in the frequency and type of data entry errors exists across sites.Discussion: While service availability and readiness was overall sufficient in the FCT, variability in the hypertension treatment cascade and data capture capabilities exists across primary healthcare centers. Consistent staff trainings and feedback on service implementation and electronic data capture is critical to effective hypertension monitoring, control and treatment.
- Keyword:
- Nigeria, blood pressure, cardiovascular disease
- Subject: MESH:
- Hypertension, Blood Pressure Determination, Primary Health Care
- Subject: Geographic Name:
- Nigeria
- Creator:
- Guo, Tracy
- Publisher:
- DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
- Language:
- English
- Date Created:
- 2020-04-06
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis